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11月23日 45种说法妓女的45种说法
prostitute 最正规的 bi+tch 最口语化的 scupper 最下流的 whore 也很常用 当然还有一些文雅、委婉的说法 s+e+x worker 这个我国也爱用 street walker 逛街的（女）人都是？晕。。。 woman of the street 跟上一条类似 lady of easy virtue lady of pleasure lady of the night lady of the evening 以girl 作结尾的 B-girl call girl 呵呵，属于职业的细分了 fancy girl)lady, woman) working girl sporting girl 别误解为爱好运动的女孩，sporting是放荡的意思 party girl girlie 还有的跟历史典故联系在一起 covent garden nun 因为Covent Garden 曾是伦敦最大的红灯区 还有些来自形象的比喻 cat 可怜的猫咪，为什么人们老把你跟女人联系在一起？ hooker 站在大街上拉客的，象个钩子一样把你钩住，嘿嘿 还有许多，没来得及细究，先列出来吧。 bawd bimbo broad camp follower 特指军妓 courtesan 专门服侍高官贵人的，比如 callet chippie cocotte Cyprian 注意要大写，塞普路斯人不会抗议吗？ floozy harlot light-o-love 水性杨花的女人;妓女 limmer [scot.] moll nightwalker 夜间上街找客的妓女,梦游者,夜行症患者 painted woman pro quean scarlet woman strumpet tart tramp trollop 10月31日 付款条例英语(terms of payment)付款条例英语
payment 支付，付款 to pay 付款，支付，偿还 dishonour 拒付 deferred payment 延期付款 progressive payment 分期付款 payment on terms 定期付款 payment agreement 支付协定 pay order 支付凭证 payment order 付款通知 payment by banker 银行支付 payment by remittance 汇拨支付 payment in part 部分付款 payment in full 全部付讫 clean payment 单纯支付 simple payment 单纯支付 payment by installment 分期付款 payment respite 延期付款 payment at maturity 到期付款 payment in advance 预付（货款） Cash With Order (C.W.O) 随订单付现 Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) 交货付现 Cash Against documents (C.A.D) 凭单付现 pay on delivery (P.O.D) 货到付款 payment in kind 实物支付 payment for (in) cash 现金支付，付现 pay...Co. only 仅付...公司 pay...Co. not negotiable 付...公司，不准疏通 pay...Co. or order (pay to the order of...Co.) 付...公司或其指定人 refusal 拒绝 decline 下降，下跌 the refusal of payment 拒付 the bank interest 银行利息 something goes wrong 某事上出问题，出现差错 commodity 产品 convenient 方便的 discount 贴现 draft 汇票 Promisory Note 本票 cheque 支票 clean bill 光票 documentary bill 跟单汇票 Sight Bill 即期汇票 Time Bill 远期汇票 Usance Bill 远期汇票 Commercial Bill 商业汇票 Banker's Bill 商业汇票 Banker's Bill 银行汇票 Commercial Acceptance Bill 商业承兑汇票 Bankers' Acceptance Bill 银行承兑汇票 invoice 发票 Performer Invoice 形式发票 Sample Invoice 样品发票 Consignment Invoice 寄售发票 Recipe Invoice 收妥发票 Certified Invoice 证明发票 Manufacturers' Invoice 厂商发票 At...days (month)after sight 付款人见票后若干天（月）付款 At sight 即期，见票即付 At...days sight 付款人见票后若干天即付款 At...days after date 出票后若干天付款 At...days after B/L 提单签发后若干天付款 remittance 汇付 Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇 Demand Draft (D/D) 票汇collection 托收 Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇 clean Bill for Collection 光票托收 documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收 Uniform Rules for Collection 《托收统一规则》 Collection Advice 托收委托书 Advice of Clean Bill for Collection 光票托收委托书 Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押汇 Trust Receipt 信托收据 copy 副本 original 正本 documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单 documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight) 即期付款交单 to make exception 例外 sales-purchasing 促销，推销 documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight) 远期付款交单 documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单 dealing 交易，生意 destination 目的地 Cash Against Payment 凭单付款 Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证 form of credit 信用证形式 Terms of validity 信用证效期 Expiry Date 效期 Date of issue 开证日期 L/C amount 信用证金额 L/C number 信用证号码 to open by airmail 信开 to open by cable 电开 to open by brief cable 简电开证 fixed L/C or fixed amount L/C 有固定金额的信用证 to amend L/C 修改信用证 Sight L/C 即期信用证 Usance L/C 远期信用证 Buyer's Usance L/C 买方远期信用证 Traveler's L/C 旅行信用证 Revocable L/C 可撤消的信用证 Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用证 Confirmed L/C 保兑的信用证 Unconfirmed L/C 不 保兑的信用证 Confirmed Irrevocable L/C 保兑的不可撤消信用证 Transferable L/C 可转让信用证 Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C 不可撤消不保兑的信用证 Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证 Revolving L/C 循环信用证 Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证 Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证 Countervailing credit （俗称）子证 Overriding credit 母证 Banker's Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证 Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证 Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证 Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证 Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证 Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证 usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证 Uniform Customs and Practice for documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例 I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物 Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证 method of reimbursement 索汇方法 without recourse 不受追索 Opening Bank' Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字 beneficiary 受益人 guarantor 保证人 Exporter's Bank 出口方银行 Importer's Bank 进口方银行 Seller's Bank 卖方银行 Buyer's Bank 买方银行 Paying Bank 付款行，汇入行 Remitting Bank 汇出行 Opening Bank 开证行 Issuing Bank 开证行 Advising Bank 通知行 Notifying Bank 通知行 Negotiating Bank 议付行 Drawee Bank 付款行 Confirming Bank 保兑行 Presenting Bank 提示行 Transmitting Bank 转递行 Accepting Bank 承兑行 pay bearer 付给某人 bearer 来人 payer 付款人 consignee 受托人 consignor 委托人 drawer 出票人 principal 委托人 drawee 付款人 consignee 受托人 truster 信托人 acceptor 承兑人 trustee 被信托人 endorser 背书人 discount 贴现 endorsee 被背书人 endorse 背书 holder 持票人 endorsement 背书 bailee 受托人，代保管人 payment against documents 凭单付款 payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款 payment by acceptance 承兑付款 payment by bill 凭汇票付款 Letter of Guarantee (L/G) 保证书 Bank Guarantee 银行保函 Contract Guarantee 合约保函 Payment Guarantee 付款保证书 Repayment Guarantee 还款保证书 Import Guarantee 进口保证书 Tender/Bid Guarantee 投标保证书 Performance Guarantee 履约保证书 Retention Money Guarantee 保留金保证书 documents of title to the goods 物权凭证 Authority to Purchase (A/P) 委托购买证 Letter of Indication 印鉴核对卡 Letter of Hypothecation 质押书 General Letter of Hypothecation 总质押书[/size] 10月25日 塑料、树脂英文简称与全称塑料、树脂英文简称与全称
ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate 丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物 ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物 AES Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene 丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物 AMMA Acrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 ARP Aromatic polyester 聚芳香酯 AS Acrylonitrile-styrene resin 丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂 ASA Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate 丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物 CA Cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维塑料 CAB Cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料 CAP Cellulose acetate propionate 醋酸-丙酸纤维素 CE "Cellulose plastics, general" 通用纤维素塑料 CF Cresol-formaldehyde 甲酚-甲醛树脂 CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素 CN Cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素 CP Cellulose propionate 丙酸纤维素 CPE Chlorinated polyethylene 氯化聚乙烯 CPVC Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) 氯化聚氯乙烯 CS Casein 酪蛋白 CTA Cellulose triacetate 三醋酸纤维素 EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素 EEA Ethylene/ethyl acrylate 乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物 EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物 EP "Epoxy, epoxide" 环氧树脂 EPD Ethylene-propylene-diene 乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物 EPM Ethylene-propylene polymer 乙烯-丙烯共聚物 EPS Expanded polystyrene 发泡聚苯乙烯 ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物 EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 EVAL Ethylene-vinyl alcohol 乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物 FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料 FF Furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛 HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料 HIPS High impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯 IPS Impact-resistant polystyre ne 耐冲击聚苯乙烯 LCP Liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物 LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料 LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯 LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯 MBS Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene 甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物 MC Methyl cellulose 甲基纤维素 MDPE Medium-density polyethylene 中密聚乙烯 MF Melamine-formaldehyde resin 密胺-甲醛树脂 MPF Melamine/phenol-formaldehyde 密胺/酚醛树脂 PA Polyamide (nylon) 聚酰胺（尼龙） PAA Poly(acrylic acid) 聚丙烯酸 PADC Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) 碳酸-二乙二醇酯· 烯丙醇酯树脂 PAE Polyarylether 聚芳醚 PAEK Polyaryletherketone 聚芳醚酮 PAI Polyamide-imide 聚酰胺-酰亚胺 英文简称 英文全称 中文全称 PAK Polyester alkyd 聚酯树脂 PAN Polyacrylonitrile 聚丙烯腈 PARA Polyaryl amide 聚芳酰胺 PASU Polyarylsulfone 聚芳砜 PAT Polyarylate 聚芳酯 PAUR Poly(ester urethane) 聚酯型聚氨酯 PB Polybutene-1 聚丁烯-[1] PBA Poly(butyl acrylate) 聚丙烯酸丁酯 PBAN Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile 聚丁二烯-丙烯腈 PBS Polybutadiene-styrene 聚丁二烯-苯乙烯 PBT Poly(butylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二酸丁二酯 PC Polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯 PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 聚氯三氟乙烯 PDAP Poly(diallyl phthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯 PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯 PEBA Polyether block amide 聚醚嵌段酰胺 PEBA Thermoplastic elastomer polyether 聚酯热塑弹性体 PEEK Polyetheretherketone 聚醚醚酮 PEI Poly(etherimide) 聚醚酰亚胺 PEK Polyether ketone 聚醚酮 PEO Poly(ethylene oxide) 聚环氧乙烷 PES Poly(ether sulfone) 聚醚砜 PET Poly(ethylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 PETG Poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol 二醇类改性PET PEUR Poly(ether urethane) 聚醚型聚氨酯 PF Phenol-formaldehyde resin 酚醛树脂 PFA Perfluoro(alkoxy alkane) 全氟烷氧基树脂 PFF Phenol-furfural resin 酚呋喃树脂 PI Polyimide 聚酰亚胺 PIB Polyisobutylene 聚异丁烯 PISU Polyimidesulfone 聚酰亚胺砜 PMCA Poly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate) 聚α-氯代丙烯酸甲酯 PMMA Poly(methyl methacrylate) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 PMP Poly(4-methylpentene-1) 聚4-甲基戊烯-1 PMS Poly(alpha-methylstyrene) 聚α-甲基苯乙烯 POM "Polyoxymethylene, polyacetal" 聚甲醛 PP Polypropylene 聚丙烯 PPA Polyphthalamide 聚邻苯二甲酰胺 PPE Poly(phenylene ether) 聚苯醚 PPO Poly(phenylene oxide) deprecated 聚苯醚 PPOX Poly(propylene oxide) 聚环氧（丙）烷 PPS Poly(phenylene sulfide) 聚苯硫醚 PPSU Poly(phenylene sulfone) 聚苯砜 PS Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 PSU Polysulfone 聚砜 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯 PUR Polyurethane 聚氨酯 PVAC Poly(vinyl acetate) 聚醋酸乙烯 PVAL Poly(vinyl alcohol) 聚乙烯醇 英文简称 英文全称 中文全称 PVB Poly(vinyl butyral) 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛 PVC Poly(vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙烯 PVCA Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate) 聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯 PVCC chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(*CPVC) 氯化聚氯乙烯 PVI poly(vinyl isobutyl ether) 聚(乙烯基异丁基醚) PVM poly(vinyl chloride vinyl methyl ether) 聚(氯乙烯-甲基乙烯基醚) RAM restricted area molding 窄面模塑 RF resorcinol-formaldehyde resin 甲苯二酚-甲醛树脂 RIM reaction injection molding 反应注射模塑 RP reinforced plastics 增强塑料 RRIM reinforced reaction injection molding 增强反应注射模塑 RTP reinforced thermoplastics 增强热塑性塑料 S/AN styrene-acryonitrile copolymer 苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物 SBS styrene-butadiene block copolymer 苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物 SI silicone 聚硅氧烷 SMC sheet molding compound 片状模塑料 S/MS styrene-α-methylstyrene copolymer 苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物 TMC thick molding compound 厚片模塑料 TPE thermoplastic elastomer 热塑性弹性体 TPS toughened polystyrene 韧性聚苯乙烯 TPU thermoplastic urethanes 热塑性聚氨酯 TPX ploymethylpentene 聚-4-甲基-1戊烯 VG/E vinylchloride-ethylene copolymer 聚乙烯-乙烯共聚物 VC/E/MA vinylchloride-ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer 聚乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共 聚物 VC/E/VCA vinylchloride-ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer 氯乙烯-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共 聚物 PVDC Poly(vinylidene chloride) 聚（偏二氯乙烯） PVDF Poly(vinylidene fluoride) 聚（偏二氟乙烯） PVF Poly(vinyl fluoride) 聚氟乙烯 PVFM Poly(vinyl formal) 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛 PVK Polyvinylcarbazole 聚乙烯咔唑 PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 S/MA Styrene-maleic anhydride plastic 苯乙烯-马来酐塑料 SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic 苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料 SB Styrene-butadiene plastic 苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料 Si Silicone plastics 有机硅塑料 SMS Styrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic 苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯塑料 SP Saturated polyester plastic 饱和聚酯塑料 SRP Styrene-rubber plastics 聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料 TEEE "Thermoplastic Elastomer,Ether-Ester" 醚酯型热塑弹性体 TEO "Thermoplastic Elastomer, Olefinic" 聚烯烃热塑弹性体 TES "Thermoplastic Elastomer, Styrenic" 苯乙烯热塑性弹性体 TPEL Thermoplastic elastomer 热塑(性)弹性体 TPES Thermoplastic polyester 热塑性聚酯 TPUR Thermoplastic polyurethane 热塑性聚氨酯 TSUR Thermoset polyurethane 热固聚氨酯 UF Urea-formaldehyde resin 脲甲醛树脂 UHMWPE Ultra-high molecular weight PE 超高分子量聚乙烯 UP Unsaturated polyester 不饱和聚酯 VCE Vinyl chloride-ethylene resin 氯乙烯/乙烯树脂 VCEV Vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl 氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物 VCMA Vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate 氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 VCMMA Vinyl chloride-methylmethacrylate 氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 VCOA Vinyl chloride-octyl acrylate resin 氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂 VCVAC Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin 氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂 VCVDC Vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride 氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯共聚物 8月12日 color words彩色的世界color words彩色的世界 1. amber 琥珀色
2. antique violet 古紫色 3. antiquewhite 古董白 4. aqua 浅绿色 5. aquamarine 碧绿色 6. azure 天蓝色 7. baby pink 浅粉红色 8. beige 米色 9. bisque 橘黄色 10. black 黑色 11. blanchedalmond 白杏色 12. blue 蓝色 13. blueviolet 紫罗兰色 14. brown 棕色 15. burlywood 实木色 16. cadetblue 军蓝色 17. camel 驼色 18. charcoal gray 炭灰色 19. chartreuse 黄绿色 20. chocolate 巧克力色 21. cobalt blue 艳蓝色 22. coral 珊瑚色 23. cornflowerblue 菊蓝色 24. cornsilk 米绸色 25. crimson 暗深红色 26. cyan 青色 27. darkblue 暗蓝色 28. darkcyan 暗青色 29. darkgoldenrod 暗金黄色 30. darkgray 暗灰色 31. darkgreen 暗绿色 32. darkkhaki 暗卡其色 33. darkmagenta 暗洋红色 34. darkolivegreen 暗橄榄绿色 35. darkorange 暗桔色 36. darkorchid 暗紫色 37. darkred 暗红色 38. darksalmon 暗肉色
39. darkseagreen 暗海蓝色 40. darkslateblue 暗灰蓝色 41. darkslategray 墨绿色 42. darkturquoise 暗宝石绿 43. darkviolet 暗紫色 44. deeppink 深粉色 45. deepskyblue 深天蓝色 46. dimgray 暗灰色 47. dodgerblue 闪蓝色 48. emerald green 艳绿色 49. firebrick 火砖色 50. floralwhite 花白色 51. forestgreen 森林绿 52. fuchsia 紫红色 53. gainsboro 淡灰色 54. ghostwhite 幽灵白 55. gold 金黄色 56. goldenrod 金麒麟色 57. gray 灰色 58. green 绿色 59. greenyellow 黄绿色 60. honeydew 蜜色 61. hotpink 艳粉色 62. indianred 印第安红 63. indigo 靛蓝色 64. ivory 象牙色 65. khaki 卡其色 66. lavender 淡紫色 67. lavenderblush 淡紫红 68. lawngreen 草绿色 69. lemonchiffon 柠檬绸色 70. lightblue 浅蓝色 71. lightcoral 浅珊瑚色 72. lightcyan 浅青色 73. lightgoldenrodyellow 浅金黄色 74. lightgreen 浅绿色 75. lightgrey 浅灰色 76. lightpink 浅粉色 77. lightsalmon 浅肉色 78. lightseagreen 浅海蓝色 79. lightskyblue 浅天蓝色 80. lightslategray 浅蓝灰色 81. lightsteelblue 浅钢蓝色
82. lightyellow 浅黄色 83. lilac 浅紫色 84. lime 酸橙色 85. limegreen 橙绿色 86. linen 亚麻色 87. magenta 洋红色 88. maroon 栗色 89. mauve 紫红 90. mediumaquamarine 间绿色 91. mediumblue 间蓝色 92. mediumorchid 间紫色 93. mediumpurple 间紫色 94. mediumseagreen 间海蓝色 95. mediumslateblue 间暗蓝色 96. mediumspringgreen 间春绿色 97. mediumturquoise 间绿宝石色 98. mediumvioletred 间紫罗兰色 99. midnightblue 中灰蓝色 100. mintcream 薄荷色 101. misty gray 雾灰色 102. mistyrose 浅玫瑰色 103. moccasin 鹿皮色 104. moss green 苔绿色 105. navajowhite 纳瓦白 106. navy 藏青 107. off-white 灰白 108. oldlace 老花色 109. olive 橄榄色 110. olivedrab 深绿褐色 111. orange 橙色 112. orangered 橙红色 113. orchid 淡紫色 114. oyster white 乳白色 115. pink 粉红色 116. salmon pink 橙红色 117. baby pink 浅粉红色 118. shocking pink 鲜粉红色 119. brown 褐色, 茶色 120. beige 灰褐色 121. chocolate 红褐色, 赭石色 122. sandy beige 浅褐色 123. camel 驼色 124. amber 琥珀色 125. khaki 卡其色 126. maroon 褐红色 127. green 绿色
128. moss green 苔绿色 129. emerald green 鲜绿色 130. olive green 橄榄绿 131. blue 蓝色 132. turquoise blue 土耳其玉色 133. cobalt blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色 134. navy blue 藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色 135. aquamarine blue 蓝绿色 136. red 红色 137. scarlet 绯红, 猩红 138. mauve 紫红 139. wine red 葡萄酒红 140. purple, violet 紫色 141. lavender 淡紫色 142. lilac 浅紫色 143. antique violet 古紫色 144. pansy 紫罗兰色 145. white 白色 146. off-white 灰白色 147. ivory 象牙色 148. snowy white 雪白色 149. oyster white 乳白色 150. gray 灰色 151. charcoal gray 炭灰色 152. smoky gray 烟灰色 153. misty gray 雾灰色 154. palegoldenrod 苍麒麟色 155. palegreen 苍绿色 156. paleturquoise 苍绿色 157. palevioletred 苍紫罗蓝色 158. pansy 紫罗兰色 159. papayawhip 番木色 160. peachpuff 桃色 161. peru 秘鲁色 162. pink 粉红 163. plum 杨李色 164. powderblue 粉蓝色 165. purple 紫色 166. red 红色 167. rosybrown 褐玫瑰红 168. royalblue 宝蓝色 169. rubine 宝石红 170. saddlebrown 重褐色 171. salmon 鲜肉色 172. salmon pink 橙红色 173. sandy beige 浅褐色 174. sandybrown 沙褐色 175. sapphire 宝石蓝 176. scarlet 猩红色 177. seagreen 海绿色 178. seashell 海贝色 179. shocking pink 鲜粉红色 180. sienna 赭色 181. silver 银白色 182. skyblue 天蓝色 183. slateblue 石蓝色 184. slategray 灰石色 185. smoky gray 烟灰色 186. snow 雪白色 187. springgreen 春绿色 188. steelblue 钢蓝色 189. stone 石色 190. tan 茶色 191. teal 水鸭色 192. thistle 蓟色 193. tomato 番茄色 194. turquoise 青绿色 195. turquoise blue 翠蓝色 196. violet 紫色 197. wheat 浅黄色 198. white 白色 199. whitesmoke 烟白色 200. winered 葡萄酒红 201. yellow 黄色 202. yellowgreen 黄绿色 8月9日 人力资源专业词汇及短语人力资源专业词汇及短语
人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM) 人力资源经理:( human resource manager) 高级管理人员:(executive) 职业:(profession) 道德标准:(ethics) 操作工:(operative employees) 专家:(specialist) 人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI) . 外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy) 企业文化:(corporate culture) 目标:(mission) 股东:(shareholders) 非正式组织:(informal organization) 跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC) 管理多样性:(managing diversity) . 工作:(job) 职位:(posting) 工作分析:(job analysis) 工作说明:(job description) 工作规范:(job specification) 工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS) 职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ) 行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager) . 人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning,HRP) 战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend) 要求预测:(requirement forecast) 供给预测:(availability forecast) 管理人力储备:(management inventory) 裁减:(downsizing) 人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS) . 招聘:(recruitment) 员工申请表:(employee requisition) 招聘方法:(recruitment methods) 内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW) 工作公告:(job posting) 广告:(advertising) 职业介绍所:(employment agency) 特殊事件:(special events) 实习:(internship) . 选择:(selection) 选择率:(selection rate) 简历:(resume) 标准化:(standardization) 有效性:(validity) 客观性:(objectivity) 规范:(norm) 录用分数线:(cutoff score) 准确度:(aiming) 业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests) 求职面试:(employment interview) 非结构化面试:(unstructured interview) 结构化面试:(structured interview) 小组面试:(group interview) 职业兴趣测试:(vocational interest tests) 会议型面试:(board interview) 组织变化与人力资源开发 人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development,HRD) 培训:(training) 开发:(development) 定位:(orientation) 训练:(coaching) 辅导:(mentoring) 经营管理策略:(business games) 案例研究:(case study) 会议方法:(conference method) 角色扮演:(role playing) 工作轮换:(job rotating) 在职培训:(on-the-job training ,OJT) 媒介:(media) . 企业文化与组织发展 企业文化:(corporate culture) 组织发展:(organization development,OD) 调查反馈:(survey feedback) 质量圈:(quality circles) 目标管理:(management by objective,MBO) 全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM) 团队建设:(team building) . 职业计划与发展 职业:(career) 职业计划:(career planning) 职业道路:(career path) 职业发展:(career development) 自我评价:(self-assessment) 职业动机:(career anchors) . 绩效评价 绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal,PA) 小组评价:(group appraisal) 业绩评定表:(rating scales method) 关键事件法:(critical incident method) 排列法:(ranking method) 平行比较法:(paired comparison) 硬性分布法:(forced distribution method) 晕圈错误:(halo error) 宽松:(leniency) 严格:(strictness) 反馈:(-degree feedback) 叙述法:(essay method) 集中趋势:(central tendency) . 报酬与福利 报酬:(compensation) 直接经济报酬:(direct financial compensation) 间接经济报酬:(indirect financial compensation) 非经济报酬:(no financial compensation) 公平:(equity) 外部公平:(external equity) 内部公平:(internal equity) 员工公平:(employee equity) 小组公平:(team equity) 工资水平领先者:(pay leaders) 现行工资率:(going rate) 工资水平居后者:(pay followers) 劳动力市场:(labor market) 工作评价:(job evaluation) 排列法:(ranking method) 分类法:(classification method) 因素比较法:(factor comparison method) 评分法:(point method) 海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method) 工作定价:(job pricing) 工资等级:(pay grade) 工资曲线:(wage curve) 工资幅度:(pay range) . 福利和其它报酬问题 福利(间接经济补偿) 员工股权计划:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP) 值班津贴:(shift differential) 奖金:(incentive compensation) 分红制:(profit sharing) . 安全与健康的工作环境 安全:(safety) 健康:(health) 频率:(frequency rate) 紧张:(stress) 角色冲突:(role conflict) 催眠法:(hypnosis) 酗酒:(alcoholism) . 员工和劳动关系 工会:(union) 地方工会:(local union) 行业工会:(craft union) 产业工会:(industrial union) 全国工会:(national union) 谈判组:(bargaining union) 劳资谈判:(collective bargaining) 仲裁:(arbitration) 罢工:(strike) 内部员工关系:(internal employee relations 纪律:(discipline) 纪律处分:(disciplinary action) 申诉:(grievance) 降职:(demotion) 调动:(transfer) 晋升:(promotion) 3月30日 汉英口译分类词汇（10）汉英口译分类词汇（10）--教育文化词汇
（大学）代理校长 Acting President
（大学）副校长 Vice President （大学）校长 President/Chancellor （大学）专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs （大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar （国家）助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy （戏剧学院）表演系Acting Department （系）主任 chairman; chairperson （小学）校长 Head /Master （职工）子弟学校 school for children of workers & staff members （中学）校长 Principal 爱国人士 patriotic personage 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism 百分制 100-mark system 班主任Class Discipline Adviser/Head Teacher 办学效益 efficiency in school management 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school 半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate 包分配 guarantee job assignments 被授权 be authorized to do 必修课 required/compulsory course 毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal 毕业论文 thesis; dissertation 毕业设计 graduation ceremony 毕业生graduate 毕业实习 graduation field work 毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate 博士 doctor (Ph.D) 博士后 post doctorate 博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies 补考 make-up examination 补习学校 continuation school 不及格fail 材料工程系 Department of Materials Engineering 材料科学系 Department of Materials Science 财贸学校 finance and trade school 财政拨款 financial allocation 测量系 Department of Survey 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 成人教育 adult education 成人学校 adult school 成人夜校 night school for adults 成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline 初等教育 elementary education 初中 junior middle school 辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver 大学肆业生 undergraduate 德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability 低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 地理系 Department of Geography 地球物理系 Department of Geophysics 地质系 Department of Geology 电机工程系 Department of Electrical Engineering 电机制造学校 electrical machinery school 电力学校 electric power school 电视大学 T.V. university 电子系 Department of Electronics 雕塑系 Department of Sculpture 定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 东方语言学系 Department of Oriental Languages & Literature 动物学系 Department of Zoology 动员 mobilize 短训班 short-term training course 多学科的 multi-disciplinary 俄语系 Department of Russian 发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativeness 法律系 Department of Law 法语系 French Language Department 反复灌输 inculcate 纺织工程系 Department of Textile Engineering 纺织航海学校 textile machinery school 分数 mark; grade 分校 branch school 服务性行业 service trade 辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work 附中 attached middle school 附属中学 attached middle school 副教授 associate professor 副修minor 副主任 vice-chairman 岗位培训 undergo job-specific training 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 高等学校 institution of higher education 高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 高中 senior middle school 工程物理系 Department of Engineering Physics 工业大学 polytechnic university 工业工程系 Department of Industrial Engineering 工业管理系 Department of Industrial Management 工业设计系 Department of Industrial Design 工业学院 engineering institute 公费生 government-supported student 公开课 open class 共产主义道德品质 communist ethics 共产主义教育 education in communism 管理科学系 Department of Management Science 广播电视大学 television and radio broadcasting university 国画系 Department of Tradition Chinese Painting 国际关系系 Department of International Relations 国际经济系 Department of International Economics 国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization 国际贸易系 Department of International Trade 国际文化交流 intercultural communication 国际政治系 Department of International Politics 国际主义教育 education in internationalism 国家发明奖 National Invention Prize 国家教育经费 national expenditure on education 国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology 国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau 国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences 海洋学系 Department of Oceanography 函授大学 correspondence college 航海系 Department of Navigation 河流港湾工程系 Department of River & Harbor Engineering 护理系 Department of Nursing 护士学校 nurses' school 化工学校 chemical engineering school 化学系 Department of Chemistry 环境工程学系 Department of Environmental Engineering 会计系 Department of Accounting 会计学校 accountant school 伙食补助 food allowance 伙食费 board expenses 机械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering 基本框架 basic framework 基础科学 the fundamentals 基础课 basic course 基金会 foundation 及格pass 集体主义教育 education in collectivism 计算机学系 Department of Computer Science 记者招待会 press conference 技工学校 school of technology 寄宿生boarder 家业经济系 Department of Agricultural Economics 假期工作vacation jobs 坚持社会主义方向 to keep to the socialist orientation 兼职教授 Part-time Professor 建筑工程系 Department of Architectural Engineering 建筑工程学校 building engineering school 建筑学 Department of Architecture 讲师 Lecturer/Instructor 奖励 rewards 奖学金scholarship 奖学金生 prize fellow 教材编写组 Teaching Materials Writing Group 教导主任 Director of Teaching and 教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 教授 professor 教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge 教务长 Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs, dean of studies 教学、科研、生产的"三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching, research, and production 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff 教学组 teaching group 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教研室主任 Head of the Teaching and Research Section 教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。 Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically. 教育部 Ministry of Education 教育程度educational background 教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education 教育投入 input in education 教育系 Department of Education 教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来 Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future 教员休息室 staff room; common room 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 结合、使加入 incorporate 解剖学 Department of Anatomy 进修班 class for advanced studies 进修课程refresher course 经济（学）系 Department of Economics 经济管理系 Department of Economic Management 考古学系 Department of Archaeology 考试examination 客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor 课程 course; curriculum 课程包括curriculum included 课程表 school timetable 课程重点部分educational highlights 课堂讨论 class discussion 课外辅导 instruction after class 课外活动extracurricular activities 课外阅读 outside reading 矿冶系 Department of Mining and Metallurgy 昆虫学系 Department of Entomology 理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering 理科大学 university of science 历史系 Department of History 燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program 林学系 Department of Forestry 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down 留学生 international student 聋哑学校 school of deaf-mutes 旅游管理系 Department of Tourist Management 论文导师 supervisor 盲人学校 school for the blind/ blind men’s school 美术学院 academy of fine arts 民办学校 private school 名誉教授 Honorary Professor 母校 Alma Mater 年龄段（层）age bracket 农学系 Department of Agriculture 农学院 agricultural college 农业大学 agricultural university 农业中学 agricultural middle school 旁听生（美）auditor 旁听生（英）guest student 培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力 to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently 培养学生自学能力 to foster the students' ability to study on their own 普遍教育 general education 普及教育 universal education 企业管理系 Department of Business Administration 启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method 启发学生独立思考的能力 to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves 气象学系 Department of Meteorology 汽车工程系 Department of Automobile Engineering 人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources 三结合联合体 tripartite complex 三学期制 the trimester system 扫盲班 literacy class 商业学校 commercial school 社会参与 communal participation 社会活动social activities 社会实践social practice 社会学系 Department of Sociology 身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well. 升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 生理学系 Department of Physiology 生物（学）系 Department of Biology 师范大学 normal university; teachers' university 师范学校 school for kindergarten teachers 师范学院 teachers' college 石油地质学校 petroleum geological school 石油学系 Department of Petroleum 实习生intern 实行分区规划 practice regional planning 实验室主任 Laboratory Chief 实验员 Laboratory Technician 实验中学 experimental middle school 食品工程系 Department of Food Engineering 示范试点 demonstration pilot project 适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。 a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century 授予（学士）confer 授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb. 暑期工作summer jobs 数学系 Department of Mathematics 双学士制 a double BA degree system 水产技术学校 marine products technical school 水利系 Department of Water Conservancy 水利学校 water conservancy school 税收 tax revenue 硕士 master 所学课程 courses taken 特别训练special training 提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awareness of ... 体育活动 physical activities 体育系 Department of Physical Education 体育学院 physical culture institute 天文学 Department of Astronomy 填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching 铁路机械学校 railway machinery school 铁路技术学校 railway engineering school 听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class; to attend a lecture 通讯工程系 Department of Communication Engineering 图书馆学系 Department of Library Science 图书馆员 Librarian 土木工程系 Department of Civil Engineering 土壤系 Department of Soil 托儿所 nursery/ creche 脱产培训 off-job training 外籍教授 Foreign Professor 外交系 Department of Diplomacy 外语系 Foreign Languages Department 外语学校 foreign languages school 卫生学校 health school 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文学系 Department of Literature 无线电工程系 Department of Radio Engineering 五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物） "Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property. 五分制 the 5-grade marking system 舞蹈系 Department of Dance 舞蹈学校 dancing school 物理系 Department of Physics 西班牙语系 Department of Spanish 西方语言系 Department of Western Languages 希望工程 Project Hope 戏剧系 Department of Theatricals 系主任 Department Chairman /Department Head 系主任办公室 Office of the Department Head 小学 primary(elementary)school 校友 alumnus; alumna 协调发展 coordinated and balanced program of development 心理学系 Department of Psychology 新闻系 Department of Journalism 新增劳动力 incoming labor force 畜牧系 Department of Animal Husbandry 选修课 elective/optional course 学费 tuition (fee) 学分 credit 学分制 the credit system 学力educational level 学历education, educational history, record of formal schooling 学龄儿童 school-ager 学年 school/academic year 学期 (school)term; semester 学前教育 preschool education 学生会 students' union/association 学士bachelor 学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium 学术活动academic activities 学位 degree 学习成绩 academic record; school record 学习年限 period of schooling 学院院长 Dean of College/Head of College 学制educational system 研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 研究生指导教师 Graduate Teacher/Research Supervisor; faculty adviser 药学系 Department of Pharmacy 药科大学pharmaceutical university 冶金机械学校 metallurgical machinery school 冶金系 Department of Metallurgy 业余工作part-time jobs 业余学校 spare-time school 业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 夜校 evening (night) school 医科大学 medical university 医学工程系 Department of Medical Engineering 医学系 Department of Medicine 医学院 medical college/school 遗传工程系 Department of Genetics Engineering 义务教育 compulsory education; free education 艺术系 Arts Department 艺术学校 art school 音乐系 Department of Music 音乐学院 conservatory of music 银行系 Department of Banking 印刷系 Department of Printing 应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates 英语系 English Language Department 优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff 优秀干部 excellent leader 优秀团员 excellent League member 邮电学校 posts &.telecommunications school 幼儿园 kindergarten 娱乐活动recreational activities 渔业航海学校 fishery and navigation school 园艺系 Department of Horticulture 原子能系 Department of Atomic Energy 运输管理系 Department of Transportation Management 在职进修班 in-service training course 在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training 造船学系 Department of Naval Architecture 占百分比 account for ...% 哲学系 Department of Philosophy 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 政治系 Department of Political Science 职工大学 college for workers &. Staff members 职前教育 pre-service education 职业道德 professional ethics 职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 职业学校 vocational school 职业中学 vocational middle school 植物（学）系 Department of Botany 中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal 中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school 中等教育 secondary education 中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school 中文系 Department of Chinese Language and Literature 中学 middle(secondary)school 中医药大学university of TCM 中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 终身教授 Lifetime Professor 重点大学 key university 重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study 重点学校 key school 主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field 主修major 住宿生 boarder 助教 Teaching Assistant (T.A.) 注册人数 enrollment 专门课程 specialized courses 专任教师 full-time teacher 专修科 special (training) course 专业 speciality; major 专业课 specialized course 专职教师 full-time teacher 资料中心 data center 自动化系 Department of Automation 自费生commoner 自学成才 to become educated through independent study 自学考试 self-taught examination 综合性大学 comprehensive university 总务长 Director in Charge of General Affairs 走读生 day student; non-resident student, extern 汉英口译分类词汇（09）-- B热门话题词汇B
考研 take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 考研热 the craze for graduate school 科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量 technology content 科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force. 科教兴国 rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation 科研攻关 scientific research and tackle the key research project 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development 可转换债券convertible bond 刻录机 CD writer; disc-carving machine 空头支票 accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐 air hostess; air stewardess 控股公司 holding company 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease 扣帽子 put a label on 跨世纪工程 a trans-century project 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development 快速反应部队 rapid response force 快讯 news flash; flash 宽带接入 broadband access 宽带网 broadband networks 宽限期 grace period 亏损企业 enterprises running in the red/under deficit 困难职工 the needy 扩大内需 to expand domestic demand 垃圾债券 junk bond 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 拉关系 try to curry favor with 拉拉队 cheering squad 拉拉队长 cheer-leader, rooter king 拉尼娜现象 La Nina phenomenon 来电显示电话机 caller ID telephone 来料加工 process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing 蓝筹股 blue chips 劳动合同制 labor contract system 老少边穷地区 former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas 老生常谈，陈词滥调 cut and dried 老字号 an old and famous shop or enterprise 篱笆墙 barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading 礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 礼仪小姐 ritual girl 理货公司 tally company 立体农业 three-dimensional agriculture 利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利好因素 wrinkle 利基 niche 连带责任 joint liability 联产承包责任制 system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; contract system with remuneration linked to output 联合国会费 the UN membership dues 联合兼并 conglomeration and merger of enterprises 联合联络小组 joint liaison group 联合投标 syndicated tender 联想集团 Legend Group 廉洁奉公，以正治国 (of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness 廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 廉政建设 construction of a clean and honest administration 练摊 to be a vendor 良性循环 virtuous circle 粮食收购部门 (government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies 粮油关系：grain and oil rationing registration 两岸直航促进会 Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation 两弹一艇 A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine 两个对等的政治实体 "two equal political entities 两个文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress 两手抓两手都要硬 We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup. 两思（致富思源，富而思进） to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress after becoming affluence 两院院士academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering 劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods 猎头公司 head-hunting company 临时主教练 caretaker coach 零配件 spare and accessory parts 领头羊 bellwether 流动人口 transient population 流动图书馆 traveling library; bookmobile 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope. 留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad 留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary 龙头老大 leading enterprise; flagship of the industry 路演road show 旅行结婚 have a honeymoon trip 绿地覆盖率 forest coverage rate 绿化 afforestation 绿色急救通道 emergency green path 绿色食品 green food 乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines 论文答辩 (thesis) oral defense 裸机bare mobile phone 马拉松式竞选活动 campaignathon 马路菜场入室工程 the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors 马太效应 the Matthew effect (A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishments and reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficulty achieving accomplishments. ) 买一送一 two-for-one offer, buy one get one free 满意度 degree of satisfaction 盲流和倒流人员 transient from the countryside 冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging 帽子戏法 hat trick 每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. 美声唱法 bel canto 美食节 gourmet festival 门户网站 portals 门前三包 be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building 朦胧诗 misty poetry 蒙古包 (Mongolian) yurt 蒙古大夫 quack 孟子 Mencius 民办教师 teachers in rural schools who do not receive the normal remuneration from the government 民工潮 farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities 民进党 Democratic Progressive Party 民主党派、工商联与无党派人士 non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce, personages without party affiliation 民族国家 nation state 民族凝聚力 national cohesion 民族委员会 ethnic affairs commission 民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture 明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparent consumption 模拟测试 mock test; simulated exam 磨洋工 dawdle along 莫失良机 make hay while the sun shines 目标管理 management by objectives 内耗 in-fighting 内环路 inner ring road 内联企业 enterprises with internal connections 纳米 nanometer 耐用消费品 durable consumer items (goods) 男高音演唱家 tenorist 男权主义思想 male chauvinism 南水北调工程 divert water from the south to the north project 难得糊涂 Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise. 囊括 complete a sweep 闹情绪 be disgruntled; be in a fit of pique 能官能民 be ready to both serve as an official and be one of the common people 能进能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots 能上网的手机 WAP phone 泥菩萨过河 like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself; each one is looking out for his own survival 年同比 year-on-year; on an annual basis 年夜饭 family reunion dinner 扭转局面 reverse the tide, turn the table 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor (laborers) 农工商联合企业 agro-industrial-commercial combines 偶像 idol 派出所 local police station 跑龙套 utility man, play a bit role, general handyman 泡沫经济 bubble economy 配股 allotment of shares 配套政策 supporting policies 棚户 shacks; family that live in shacks 碰钉子 get snubbed 碰头会 brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.) 皮包公司 bogus company 疲软股票 soft stock 啤酒肚 beer belly 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 票贩子 scalper, ticket tout 票房 box office 贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor 贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb 平均主义 equalitarianism 平面设计师 graphic designer 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚 never burn incense when all is well, but clasp Buddha's feet when in distress 评头论足 nit-pick 瓶颈制约 “bottleneck” restrictions 扑网(体） rush-up, rushing 普选制 general election system 期房 forward delivery housing 骑警 horseback police 旗袍 cheong-sam; Chi-pao 企业孵化器 enterprise incubator 企业集团的松散层 loose level (of an enterprise group) 企业文化 corporate culture 起跑器 block 洽谈会 fair, meeting 千禧婴儿 millennium infant; millennium baby 强化班 intensive training program/class 抢跑 false start, beat the gun 敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick 切入点 point of penetration; breakthrough point 亲民党 People First Party 勤工俭学 part-work and part-study system; work-study program 轻轨火车 light rail train 清明节 Qingming Festival/ Pure Brightness Festival/ Tomb Sweeping Day 清算/结算 clearing /settlement 情感消费 emotional consumption 情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to … 区位商业 location-based commerce 屈体 jackknife, pike 圈外人士 people out of the loop 全方位外交 multi-faceted diplomacy 全国卫生城市 National Hygienic City 全景电影 cinepanoramic 全面实施以德育为核心、以创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育 carry on the quality education centering on moral education and emphasizing creativity and practice 全民健身计划纲要 outline of the nationwide body-building plan 全能冠军 all-around winner 全球定位系统 global positioning system (GPS) 全球通 global system for mobile communications 全天候飞机 all-weather aircraft 全天候服务round-the-clock service 全优工程 all-round excellent project 权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalism 拳头产品 flagship products; competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster 裙带风 nepotism; petticoat influence 裙带关系 networking through petticoat influence 群言堂 allow everybody to air his view; let everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely 燃油附加税 bunker surcharge 染指 reap undeserved profit from; encroach upon 绕圈子 beat around the bush 热岛效应 tropical island effect 人才流失brain drain 人浮于事 overstaffing 人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI) 人海战术 huge-crowd strategy 人机交互 human-computer interaction 人际交往 human communication 人均住房 per-capita housing 人口负增长 negative population growth (NPG) 人类免疫缺陷病毒Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) 人情债 debt of gratitude 认股权证 warrant 任意球 free kick 日本协力银行 Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) 融资渠道 financing channels 入水时水花很少 clean entry 软新闻 soft news 软着陆 soft landing 塞翁失马，焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing. 三八红旗手 woman pace-setter 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy 三大作风 the Party's three important styles of work (integrating theory with practice, forging close links with the masses and practicing self-criticism) 三个代表 "three represents" theory (The Party should always represent the development needs of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction of China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largest member of the Chinese people.) 三个有利于 "three favorables" (whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces in a socialist society, increases the overall strength of the socialist state and raises the people's living standards 三好学生 merit student; three good student (good in study, attitude and health) 三讲教育（讲学习、讲政治、讲正气） "three emphases" education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct) 三角恋爱 love triangle 三角债 chain debts 三来一补企业 the enterprises that process raw materials on clients' demands, assemble parts for the clients and process according to the clients' samples; or engage in compensation trade. 三连冠 three successive championships 三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty. / At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself. 三通 three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits 三通一平 "three supplies and one leveling"; supply of water, electricity and road and leveled ground (conditions ready for further economic development) 三维电影 three-dimensional movie 三维动画片 three-dimensional animation 三无企业 three-no-enterprises (It refers to enterprises with no capital, no plant, and no administrative structure.) 三下乡 a program under which officials, doctors, scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers 三资企业 foreign-invested enterprises: Sino-foreign joint ventures(中外合资企业), cooperative businesses （中外合作企业） and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China（外商独资企业） 三字经 three-character scripture 散户 retail / private investor 桑那浴 sauna 扫黄、打非eliminate pornography and illegal publications 扫尾工作 round-off work; wind-up work 杀手锏 sudden thrust of the mace--one's trump or master card 沙尘暴sand storm; dust storm 山不在高，有仙则名；No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; 商检局 Commodity Inspection Bureau 商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 商品条码 bar code 上山下乡 (of educated urban youth) go and work in the countryside or mountain areas 上市 to be listed 上网 to get on the Internet 上有天堂，下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth. 少数服从多数、下级服从上级、局部服从全体、全党服从中央 the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole and the entire membership of the Party to the Central Committee 社会热点问题 hot spots of society 社会治安情况 public security situation, law-and-order situation 涉外经济 foreign-related business 申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games 身体素质 physique; physical constitution 神州行电话卡 Shenzhou pre-paid card 审时度势 size up the situation 渗透、颠覆和分裂活动 infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities 生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture 失恋 be disappointed in love; be jilted 失学儿童 dropout 师兄弟 (senior and junior) fellow apprentice 时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man. 实话实说 speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade 实践是检验真理的唯一标准 Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. 实体经济 the real economy 实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 实现小康目标 to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life, attain the goal of building a well-off society 实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promotion of family planning to control the population size and improve the health of the people 食品卫生法 Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China 史记 Shi Ji/ Historical Records 世界观、人生观、价值观 world outlook; outlook on life; values 市场疲软 sluggish market 市场准入 market access 市盈率p/e (price/earning) ratio 市值 market capitalization 事业单位 public institution 试用期 probationary period 适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight financial policy 适销对路的产品 readily marketable products 适者生存survival of the fittest 收购兼并M&A (merger and acquisition) 收入 invisible income; off-payroll income; side money 收视率 audience ratings; television viewing 手机入网费 mobile access fee 首创精神 pioneering spirit 首航 maiden voyage (of an aircraft or ship) 首期按揭 down-payment 受灾地区 disaster-affected are 售后服务 after-sale services 授信额度 line of credit 树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image 刷卡, 划卡 to punch the card; to stamp the card 甩卖 clearance sale; be on sale 涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton 双刃剑 double-edged sword 双向选择 two-way selection, referring to employer and employee choosing each other in a job market 水货 smuggled goods 水墨画 Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting 硕博联读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study 司仪 MC (master of ceremonies) 思乡曲 Nostalgia 思想僵铁 fossilized concept 死机 system halted 四大金刚 Four Heavenly Guardians at the entrance to a Buddhism temple; Four Devarajas 四个如何认识 (江泽民提出并阐述的如何认识社会主义发展的历史进程、如何认识资本主义发展的历史进程、如何认识我国社会主义改革实践过程对人们思想的影响、如何认识当今的国际环境和国际政治斗争带来的影响等当前直接影响干部群众思想活动的重大问题.) In his important address to the Central Ideological and Political Work Conference, Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin expounds on how to understand the historical process of socialist development; how to understand the historical process of capitalist development; how to understand the impact of China's socialist reform over the people's thinking; how to understand the impact of the current international environment and political struggle. 四十不惑 Life begins at forty. 四项基本原则 the Four Cardinal Principles of adherence to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought 素质教育 education for all-around development, quality-oriented education 随行就市 prices fluctuating in response to market conditions 台独 'independence of Taiwan' 台湾当局 Taiwan authorities 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots 抬杠 argue for the sake of arguing; bicker 太空步 moonwalk 摊牌put/lay one’s card on the table 谈判的筹码 bargain chip 逃票 to sneak through without a ticket 逃票者 ticket evader 陶冶情操 cultivate one's taste (temperament) 套利 arbitrage 特别提款权 special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs) ; paper gold 特技演员stunt man; stand-in 特色电话机 feature phone 特许税franchise tax 提高农产品收购价格 the government's increase in its procurement prices (for farm products) 替身演员 stunt man/woman; stand-in 跳槽 job-hopping 跳槽者job-hopper 跳进黄河洗不清eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name 跳蚤市场 flea market 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl 铁哥们 faithful pal；buddies；sworn friend 铁血宰相 iron-and-blood prime minister 厅长 head of a department (under a provincial government) 通存通兑 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank 通货紧缩 deflation (of currency) 同等学力 have the same educational level (as the regular graduate or student of certain academic qualification) 同等学力申请硕士学位统考 general examination for applicants with education background equivalent to college graduates for master's degree 同乡会 an association of fellow provincials or townsmen 统筹安排 comprehensive arrangement 统一市场 single market 统一税 flat tax, consolidated tax 筒子楼 tube-shaped apartment 偷渡者stowaway 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud, and refusal to pay taxes 偷税漏税 tax evasion 头号种子选手 No.1 seed (player); top seed 投手 pitcher 透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence 土地沙化 desertification of land; desert encroachment 团身 bunch up the body 推广科研成果 turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production; commercialization of laboratory achievements 退耕还林还草 grain for green 脱口秀 talk show 脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 脱手 release grip 挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth.; cut the ground from under sb's feet 外汇管理局 Administration of Exchange Control 外汇管制 foreign exchange control 外卖 take-out 外卖店 take-out restaurant 外商独资企业exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China 外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises 汪辜会谈 Wang Daohan-Koo Chen-fu Talks (Wang-Koo talks) 王储，王太子 Crown Prince 网吧 Internet bar 网关 gateway 网恋 online love affairs 网络出版 online publishing 网络管理员 network administrator 网络经济 cybereconomy 网络空间 cyberspace 网民 netizen; net citizen; cyber citizen 网上冲浪surf the Internet 网上购物 shopping online 网上交易平台 online trading platform 网友 net friend 往事如风 The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is past. 微软移动构想 Microsoft Vision for Mobility; Microsoft Mobility Initiatives 唯利是图 draw water to one's mill 维护人权和不断改善人权状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation 伪君子hypocrite; a wolf in sheep's clothing 伪劣商品赔还法 lemon law 卫冕世界冠军 reigning world champion 温饱工程 bring-warmth fill-bellies project 文科 liberal arts 文明街道 model community 文韬武略 military expertise; military strategy 稳定压倒一切 Maintaining stability is of top priority 问讯处 information office; inquiry desk 屋顶花园 roof garden 无氟冰箱 freon-free refrigerator 无人售票 self-service ticketing 无绳来电显示电话 cordless telephone with caller ID 无为而治 govern by doing nothing that is against nature; govern by non-interference 无线应用协议 WAP- wireless application protocol 无形资产intangible assets 无中生有 make/create something out of nothing 武俠小说 tales of roving knights; martial arts novel; kung fu novel 物价局 Price Bureau 物业管理 estate management, property management 西部大开发 Development of the West Regions of China 西气东输 transport the natural gas from the West to the East 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 希望工程 Project Hope 息事宁人 pour oil on troubled waters 洗钱 money laundering 喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear 下放权力给 delegating the management of ... (to ...) 下岗职工 laid-off workers 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 下网 off line 下游行业 downstream industry 险胜 cliff-hanging win, narrow victory, nose out 县改市county upgraded to city 县级市county-level city 现代企业制度 modern enterprise system; modern corporate system 线下商贸运作 offline business operation 香格里拉 Shangri-la 向钱看 mammonism, put money above all 项目立项 approve and initiate a project 项目申报 project application 项目预算 project budget 项目支持 project support 削减战略核武器会谈 strategic arms reduction talks (START) 消费信贷 consumer credit services 消费者权益日/International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests 消费者协会 consumers' association 小康 a comfortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity 小康之家 well-off family 小农经济 small-scale peasant economy; autarkical small-scale farming 效益工资achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits 效益农业 profitable agriculture 写真集 special album of photos for kids, women or weddings 心理素质 psychological quality 新宠 new favorite 新干线 the Shinkansen, bullet train 新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean 新新人类 New Human Being；X Generation 新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star 信、达、雅（严复：翻译标准） faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance 信贷支持 credit aid 信息港 infoport; cyber port 信息化 information-based; informationization 信用紧缩 credit crunch 信用危机credit crisis 星期日泰晤士报 the Sunday Times 形式主义 formalism 形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网 virtual net 虚拟现实 virtual reality 选举权和被选举权 the right to vote and the right to be elected 选举人票 electoral vote 选举人制 electoral system 学而优则仕 (a Confucian slogan for education) a good scholar can become an official; he who excels in study can follow an official career 学生处 students’ affairs division 学生减负 to reduce study load, alleviate the burden on students 寻呼小姐 operators who work with paging centers 巡回招聘 milk round 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 压水花技术 rip entry 压线(口令) Line! 压轴戏 grand finale; last and best item on a theatrical program 亚健康 subhealthy 严打斗争Strike-Hard Operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly on criminal activities 言情小说 romantic fiction; sentimental novel 研究成果 research results 研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 羊肉串小摊 barbecue stall 阳春（最经济方式） no-frills 养老金 pension 养路费 road toll 摇钱树 cash cow 摇头丸 dancing outreach 药物检查 dope control, drug testing 野生动物园 wildlife park; safari park 业内人士 insider 液晶显示屏 liquid crystal display (LCD) 一次性解决问题 solve the problem once and for all 一次性筷子 throwaway chopsticks 一大二公 (concerning the people's commune) large in size and collective in nature 一刀切 cut it even at one stroke--make it rigidly uniform; impose uniformity in all cases; allow no flexibility 一国两制，One country, two systems 一级市场 primary market 一揽子(计划) one-package (plan) 一式两联 (receipt or invoice) in duplicate 一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓经济建设，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革开放，一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败 We must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress; We should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system; We should promote reform and opening to the outside world and at the same time fight crime and punish corruption. 一线员工 worker at the production line 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words. 医疗保险 medical insurance 移动电话双（单）向收费 two/one-way charges for mobile/ cellular phones 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side 以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 以谋略制胜 outmaneuver 以权谋私 abuse of power for personal gains 以人为本 people oriented; people foremost 以市场为导向 market-oriented 以质量求发展 strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality 义和团运动 Boxer Uprising 义务兵役制 compulsory military service, conscription 义务教育 compulsory education 义演收入 proceeds from benefit performance 易拉罐 pop can 溢价premium 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 银行网点 bank outlets 隐性就业 unregistered employment 应届毕业生 this year's graduates 应试教育 exam-oriented education, examination-oriented education system 营业税 turnover tax; business tax 硬道理 absolute principle, top priority 永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trading relations (PNTR) 优化结构 optimize structure 优化组合 optimization grouping; optional regrouping 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 优势互补 (of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages 邮递协议 Post Office Protocol (POP) 有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 There must be laws to go by, the laws must be observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers must be prosecuted. 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 with lofty ideals, integrity, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline 有情人终成眷属 Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well. 有望夺金者 a gold medal hopeful 有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain 舆论导向 direction of public opinion 舆论监督 supervision by public opinion 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 与民众的直接对话 town hall conference/meeting 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼 to ascend another story to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight. 欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success. 冤假错案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases 元宵节 Lantern Festival 缘分 (as if by) predestination, be preordained to come together 远程教育 distance learning 远景计划 long-term development targets 运球 dribble 宰（客） to swindle money out of our customers 再贷款 re-lending; subloan 再就业服务中心 re-employment service center 在孵（孵化器）企业 incubated enterprises (incubator) 在职博士生 on-job Ph.D candidate 糟粕 dross 早恋 puppy love 造假帐 falsified accounts 斋月 Ramadan 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 沾光 benefit from one's association 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership 站票 standing-room-only ticket 站台票 platform ticket 涨落线 advance balance line 掌上电脑 palm computer 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 招股说明书prospectus 招商引资 attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas) 招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office 真空包装 vacuum packing 真善美 the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty 正式照会 formal note 证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange 政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show. 政府上网工程Government Online Project 政府职能转变 transform/shift the government functions 政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开 make government affairs public 政治迫害 political prosecution; witch hunt 政治协商、民主监督、参政议政 exercise political consultation and democratic supervision and participate in deliberating and administration of state affairs 支原体 mycoplasma 知识产权 intellectual property rights 知识经济 knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy 直播 live broadcast, live telecast 职务犯罪 crime by taking advantage of duty 职业经理人 professional manager 致命要害 Achilles' heel 智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 智囊团、思想库 the brain trust；think tank 中关村科技园区 Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park 中国经济景气监测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center 中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit 中国新闻出版报社 China Press and Publication News 中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests 中华世纪坛 China Millennium Monument 中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association 中介 intermediary agent 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone 中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方 non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint ventures 中外合作企业（项目）cooperative businesses (projects) 中下层南方共和党人（美国） pickup-truck Republican 中央大型企业工委：Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises 中央国家机关 China's State organs 中央经济工作会议 the Central Economic Working Conference 中央商务区 central business district (CBD) 中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student 众口难调 It is difficult to cater to all tastes.; One man's meat is another man's poison. 重点发展 prioritize 重复建设 building redundant project; duplication of similar projects 主板市场 main board of the stock market 主持人 anchorperson 主体经济 the mainstay of the economy 住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 住房零首付 zero-yuan first payment (for apartments) 助跑 approach run, run-up 驻港部队People's Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong 祝愿…一路平安，一路顺风 speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest 抓大放小 to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 专卖店 exclusive agency; franchised store 专门术语 buzzword ; jargon 专升本 upgrade from junior college student to university student; students with the diploma of junior college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study 转化机制 (of State-owned enterprises) to shift to new management mechanisms 转基因食品 GM food (genetically modified food) 追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development 准博士all but dissertation (ABD) 资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value 资产剥离 peel off (bad) assets of a company 资产负债表 balance sheet 资产阶级自由化 bourgeois liberalization 资金汇划 fund remittance and transfer 资源配置 the distribution (allocation) of resources 自动柜员机 automatic teller machine (ATM) 自律机制 the self-discipline system 自然保护区natural reserve; nature preservation zone 自然耗损 natural wearing 自我保护意识 self-protection awareness 自营 self-run 自由港 free-trade port，free port 自助银行 self-help bank 自作自受stew in one’s own juice 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 综合业务数字网 integrated service digital network (ISDN) 综合指数composite index 综合治理 comprehensive treatment 总裁助理 assistant president 总经理负责制 general manager responsibility system 总统选举团electoral college 遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties 《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica 《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio 《论语》 Analects of Confucius 《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《围城》 A Surrounded City 《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West 《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror 《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Water Margins 汉英口译分类词汇（09）-- A热门话题词汇A
AA制 Dutch treatment; go Dutch B to B (B2B) business to business B to C (B2C) business to consumer NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺陷综合征) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost 按揭贷款 mortgage loan 按揭购房 take out a mortgage to buy a house; buy a house on time 按劳分配 distribution according to one's performance 暗亏 hidden loss 暗恋 unrequited love; fall in love with someone secretly 奥姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult 巴黎证券交易所 Paris Bourse 把…当成耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 白马王子 Prince Charming 白色农业 white agriculture (also called "white engineering agriculture"; It refers to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture.) 白色行情表 white sheet 白手起家 starting from scratch 白雪公主 Snow White 摆架子 put on airs 摆谱儿 put on airs; show off; keep up appearances 拜把兄弟 sworn brothers 拜年 pay New Year calls or visits 搬迁户 relocated families 半拉子工程 uncompleted project 傍大款 (of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags 棒球运动记者 scribe 包二奶 have a concubine (originally a Cantonese expression) 包干到户 work contracted to households 包干制 overall rationing system; scheme of payment partly in kind and partly in cash 包工包料 contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares 保健食品 health-care food 保理业务 factoring business 保税区 the low-tax, tariff-free zone; bonded area/zone 保证金 margins, collateral 保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 报国计划的实施 implementation of Dedicator's Project 奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life 本本主义 bookishness 本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 蹦击 bungee, bungee jumping 逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学 comparative economics 比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 闭门羹 given cold-shoulder 边际报酬 marginal return 边缘科学 boundary science 便携式电脑 portable computer; laptop; notebook computer 变相涨价 disguised inflation 标书 bidding documents 表演赛 demonstration match 剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody 博彩（业）lottery industry 博士生 Ph.D candidate 补缺选举 by-election 不败记录 clean record, spotless record 不承诺放弃使用武器 not undertake to renounce the use of force 不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 不分上下的总统选举结果the neck-and-neck presidential election result 不可再生资源 non-renewable resources 不良贷款 non-performing loan 不夜城 sleepless city, ever-bright city 不正之风 bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 步行天桥 foot bridge 擦边球 edge ball, touch ball 擦网球 net ball 财政收入 fiscal revenue 采取高姿态 show magnanimity 菜篮子工程 shopping basket program 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 仓储式超市 stockroom-style supermarket 沧海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world. / What was once the sea has now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time. 藏学 Tibetology 草根工业 grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wild grass) 层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 查房 make/go the rounds of the wards 差额投票 differential voting 差额选举 competitive election 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition 搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value) 产粮大省 granary province 产品结构 product mix 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management 产权制度、产权关系 property relations; property order 产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing 产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries 产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure 长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长线产品 product in excessive supply 畅通工程 "Smooth Traffic Project" 唱高调 mouth high-sounding words 超高速巨型计算机 giant ultra-high-speed computer 超前消费 over-consuming, excessive consumption 朝阳产业 sunrise industry 炒作 speculation 彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force 成份指数 component index 成组技术 group technology 承包 contract with 承销商underwriter 城市规划 city's landscaping plan; urban planning 城市中年雅皮士 muppie （一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成） 城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas 吃大锅饭 egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 抽杀成功 hit through 筹备委员会 preparatory committee 筹资 raised capital/proceeds 出风头 show off; in the limelight 出家 pravrajana; cloister 出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports 出口加工区 export processing zones 出口卖方信贷 seller's credit on exports 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate 出口押汇 bill purchased (B/P); outward documentary bill 出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports 传销 pyramid selling; multi-level marketing 窗口行业 various service trades 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park 吹风会 (advanced) briefing 春蕾计划 Spring Buds Program 春运 (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 磁悬浮列车 Maglev (magnetically levitated train) 此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence. 次新股 sub-new stock 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理 extensive management 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 达标活动 "target hitting" activities 打白条 issue IOU 打包贷款 packing credit (loan) 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering 打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打顺手 find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove 大包干 all-round responsibility system 大轰动 blockbuster 大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 大款 tycoon 大力扣杀 hammer 大路货 staple goods 大满贯 grand slam 大排档 sidewalk snack booth; large stall 大胜 white wash 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大腕 top notch 大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧 maxi-series 大学生创业 university students' innovative undertaking 大要案 major and serious criminal cases 大专生 junior college student 大专文凭 associate degree 代职 function in an acting capacity 带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待岗 await job assignment, post-waiting 待业 job-waiting 单刀赴会 start a solo run 单循环制 single round-robin system 弹性工资 flexible pay 弹性外交 elastic diplomacy 党群关系 Party-masses relationship 党政机关 Party and government organizations 倒春寒 unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 倒计时 countdown 倒票 speculative reselling of tickets 倒爷 profiteer 捣浆糊 give the runaround 盗版VCD pirated VCD 盗打（电话) free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means 盗用公款 embezzlement 等外品 off-grade goods, rejects 邓小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts 低调 low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach) 地方保护主义 regional protectionism 地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances 地球村 global village 地区差异 regional disparity 地热资源 geothermal resources 地市级城市 prefecture-level city 第二产业 secondary industry 第二上市 secondary listing 第三产业 tertiary industry; service sector 第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile 第一发球权 first inning 第一发球员 first server 第一双打 first pair 点球 penalty kick 点子公司 consultancy company 电话号码升位 upgrade telephone number 电话会议 teleconference 电脑犯罪 computer crime 电视直销 TV home shopping 电信运营商 telecom operators 电子商务认证 e-business certification 吊球 drop shot 吊销执照 revoke license 钉子户 person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project 定向培训 training for specific posts 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects 毒枭 drug trafficker 独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit(enterprise) 度假外交holiday-making diplomacy 短期债务 floating debt 断交信 Dear John letter (from woman to man) 队长袖标(足球) skipper's armband 对...毫无顾忌 make no bones about ... 对冲基金 hedge fund 对外招商 attract foreign investment 多党合作制 multi-party co-operation in exercising State power 多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS) 夺冠 take the crown 厄尔尼诺现象 El Nino phenomenon 恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation 恶性循环 vicious circle 二板市场; 创业板市场 growth enterprise board; second board; hi-tech board 二次创业 start a new undertaking 二级市场secondary market 二进宫 to enter the palace a second time (people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution) 二流选手 scrub, second-rater 二手房 second-hand house 二元经济 dual economy 发案率 incidence (of criminal cases) 发烧友 fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan 发展不平衡 disparate development 发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need. 法制国家 a state with an adequate legal system 法治国家 a country under the rule of law 翻两番 quadruple 反败为胜 bring about a complete turnabout, pull out of the fire 反不正当竞争法 Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means 反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 防抱死系统 ABS (anti-lock braking system) 防洪工程 flood-prevention project 房管 real estate management 访谈式竞选 （候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选）talk-show campaign 放下架子 to relinquish haughty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs 放行单 release permit 飞毛腿（导弹）Scud missile 飞行药检 spot check 非对称数字用户环路 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) 费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流 reposition of redundant personnel 分期付款 installment payment 分税制 system of tax distribution 分销 sub-underwriting, distribution 粉领族 pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such as office workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc) 风险投资 venture capital; risk investment 封闭式基金 close-ended fund 封杀出局 force out 疯牛病 mad cow disease; bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 锋利扣杀 razor-sharp smash 扶贫 poverty alleviation 浮动工资 floating wages; fluctuating wages 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the story building) 覆盖率 coverage rate 改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化 make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent 尴尬，困境，糟糕 pretty pass 感谢款待的信 a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest) 港人治港 Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong 高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue 高产优质 high yield and high quality 高度自治 high degree of autonomy 高杠杆交易机构 highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高官会 Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) 高级商务师 Certified Business Executive 高架公路 elevated highway; overhead road 高科技板块 high-tech sector 高难度动作 stunner, stunt 高清晰度 high definition 高新技术产业开发区 high and new technology industrial development zone 个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment 个人自扫门前雪， 莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one’s own potatoes 各大菜系 major styles of cooking 各尽所能let each person do his best; from each according to his ability 各就各位On your marks!" 根本政治制度 fundamental political system 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 工程公司 engineering company 工商局 industrial and commercial bureau 工薪阶层 salariat; state employee; salaried person 工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区 industrial park 公费医疗 medical services at state expense 公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service (BBS) 公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds 公检法 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公开喊价市场 open outcry markets 公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds 公路隔离带 median 公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company 公益林 public welfare forest 公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open 公证财产 notarize the properties 功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!; Wish you all the best! 共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party 股本share capital 股本金 equity capital 骨干企业 key enterprise 挂靠 be attached or affiliated to; be subordinate to 挂职 1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself); 2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit 关税壁垒 customs barrier; tariff wall 光谷 optical valley 光机电一体化 optical, mechanical and electronic integration 光盘杂志 CD-ROM magazine 光通讯 photo-communication; optical communication 广告电话直销direct response advertising 广域网 wide area network (WAN) 归口管理 put under centralized management by specialized departments 国产化率 import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components 国防动员体制 the mobilization for national defense 国际惯例 international common practice 国际化战略 internationalization strategy 国际日期变更线 International Date Line (IDL) 国际商业机器公司 International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) 国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems 国家控股公司 state-controlling company 国家普通话水平考试 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua 国家一级保护 first-grade State protection 国家质量技术监督局 the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国脚 player of the national football team; footballer of the national team 国库券 treasury bonds 国民党 Kuomintang 国民经济支柱产业 pillar industries in national economy 国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP) 国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP) 国土局 Land and Resources Bureau 国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond 过度开垦 excess reclamation 过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 海市蜃楼, 镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest 海湾战争综合征 the Gulf War syndrome 函授大学 correspondence university 汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software 旱地滑雪场 mock skiing park 航母 aircraft carrier 航向错误, 奉行错误方向 on the wrong tack 豪赌 unrestrained gambling 好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander 好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster 好球 "Strike" 好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 合理引导消费 guide rational consumption 合议庭 collegiate bench 和服 Kimono 核销 cancel after verification 黑店 gangster inn 黑客 hacker 黑社会 Mafia-style organizations; gangland 红包 （中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback 红筹股red chips 红股 bonus share 红帽子企业 red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise) 红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin (EPO) 宏观调控 macro-control 后防空虚 leave the defense exposed 后台管理 back-stage management 呼啦圈 hula hoop 胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded) 虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg. 互动广告 interactive advertisement 户口簿 residence booklet 户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system 户主 head of a household 护身法宝 amulet 华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 华盖 canopy 滑板车 scooter 坏球 "Ball" 还俗 resume secular life, unfrock 环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim 换手率 turnover rate 黄、赌、毒 pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 黄金时段 prime time 灰色收入 income from moonlighting 挥棒 swing 挥棒不中 fan 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) 婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外恋 extramarital love 活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn. 火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 货币化 monetization 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 货到付款 cash on delivery 机场建设费 airport construction fee 机构投资者 institutional investor 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organizations (government) 积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories) 基本国情 fundamental realities of the country 基本路线要管一百年 The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come. 基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level 基层组织 organizations at the grass-roots level 基础设施 infrastructure 基因工程 genetic engineering 基因突变 genetic mutation 绩优股 blue chip 缉毒队 narcotics squad 缉私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling 激烈竞争 cut-throat competition 吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness (Book of Records) 吉祥物 mascot 集体婚礼 collective wedding ceremony 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 计划单列市 city specifically designated in the state plan 计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning 计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction (CAI) 计算机中央处理器 central processing unit(CPU) 记者席 press box 技术产权交易所 technology equity market; technology property right exchange 技术交底 confide a technological secret to somebody 技术密集产品 technology-intensive product 技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers 既成事实fait accompli (noun) 既往不咎, 忘掉旧嫌 let bygones be bygones 加班 work extra shifts 加密 encrypt 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 加权平均值 weighted average 家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system 家族企业 family firm 嘉宾 distinguished guest, honored guest 甲骨文 inscriptions on animal bones or tortoise shells 假唱 lip-synch 假动作 deception, feint 假日经济 holiday economy 尖端产品 highly sophisticated products 坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences 监督部门 watchdog 减负 alleviate burdens on sb. 减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass 减员增效 downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon 剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ... 江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 讲诚信，反欺诈： honor credibility and oppose cheating 降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachute candidate 侥幸球 fluke 脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 教学法 pedagogy; teaching method 教育部社政司 Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education 接口 interface 街道企业 neighborhood enterprise 街心花园 park at an intersection; garden in the city center 节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐） rhythm blues 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces 解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts 解困基金 anti-poverty funds 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience; no haste, be patient 金本位 gold standard 金边债券 gilt-edged bonds 金降落伞 golden parachute 金融电子化 computerize financial services 金融危机 financial crisis 金税工程 Golden Tax Project 金无足赤, 人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 紧箍咒 inhibiting magic phrase 紧密型企业集团 tightly-knit groups of enterprises 紧追 cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail 劲射 power shot 近海渔业 offshore fishery 近水楼台先得月 First come, first served; A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first--the advantage of being in a favored position. 进出口商会 chamber of import and export trade 进口渗透 import penetration 进修班 class for further studies 禁渔期 closed fishing seasons 禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸 prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment 京剧票友 Peking Opera fan 京剧人物脸谱 types of facial make-up in Beijing opera 经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 running expenses 经济林 cash tree 经济全球化 economic globalization; economic integration 经济失调指数 misery index 经济头脑 commercially minded people; people with business sense 经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业 modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system 精简机构 streamline government organs 精品 competitive products 景泰蓝 cloisonné 敬业精神 professional dedication; professional ethics 九五攻关 State Key Task 95 居委会 neighborhood committee; residents' committee 局域网 local area network (LAN) 举报电话 informants' hot-line telephone 拒载 refuse to take passengers 君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 竣工式 completion ceremony 卡丁车 kart 开发一代，储存一带，预研一代 (产品） to develop this generation of products while researching on the next generation of products 开放式基金 open-ended fund 开工不足 enterprises running under their production capacity 开工典礼 commencement ceremony 开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means 开题报告 opening speech; opening report, thesis proposal 开小灶 give special favor 开夜车 burn the midnight oil; work over night 看跌/看涨期权 put / call option 看守政府, 看守内阁，过渡政府 caretaker cabinet 抗震棚 quake-proof shelter 汉英口译分类词汇（08）-- B经济金融词汇B
到期不还贷 default on a loan 资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent 亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 投资（贷款）组合 investment (loan) portfolio 外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves 中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China 储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises, 国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions 不良贷款 non-performing loans 防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks 提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 监事会 supervisory board 实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies 分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale 规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性银行 state policy-related bank 国家发展银行 State Development Bank 知识经济 knowledge-based economy 网络经济 Internet-based networked economy 指导性计划 guidance plan 社会主义市场经济（中国） socialist market economy 社会市场经济（德国） social market economy 新经济（美国） new economy 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China 中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 金融监管 financial supervision 中国人民银行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保险法 Law of Insurance 证券法 Law of Securities 巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles 监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention 事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单 a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款 deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金 overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现 to honor a check 兑付 to dishonor a check 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 check 支票 check book 支票本 order check 记名支票 bearer check 不记名支票 crossed check 横线支票 blank check 空白支票 rubber check 空头支票 check stub, counterfoil 票根 cash check 现金支票 traveler's check 旅行支票 check for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding check 未付支票 canceled check 已付支票 forged check 伪支票 Bandar's note 庄票，银票 banker 银行家 president 行长 savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行 National City Bank of New York 花旗银行 Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行 Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行 central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行 requesting bank 委托开证银行 issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行 associate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行 trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司 financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司 trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部 commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行 construction bank 建设银行 industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行 post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行 merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行 import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 business accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计 depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐 subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐 journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余 idle capital 游资 economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣 economic recession 经济衰退 economic depression 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值 international balance of payment 国际收支 favorable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货 international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note issue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算 national gross product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券 treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链 direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率 foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现 discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备 money (financial) market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commission 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员 an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库 equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样 banking hours, business hours 营业时间 share, equity, stock 股票、股权 negotiable share 可流通股份 treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券 closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金 market capitalization 市值 mark-to-market 逐日盯市 clearing and settlement 清算/结算 put / call option 看跌/看涨期权 rights issue/offering 配股 ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证 GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证 institutional investor 机构投资者 proprietary trading 自营 market manipulation 市场操纵 IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行 securities 证券 premium 溢价 share capital 股本 composite index 综合指数 capital market 资本市场 liquidity 流通性 highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构 subscribe 申购 underwriter承销商 road show 路演 primary market 一级市场 information disclosure 信息披露 blue chips 蓝筹股 gilt-edged bond 金边债券 rating agency 评级机构 credit trading 信用交易 open/close a position 建/平仓 bond, debenture, debts 债券 convertible bond 可转换债券 corporate bond 企业债券 fund manager 基金经理/管理公司 fund custodian bank 基金托管银行 p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率 payment versus delivery 银券交付 commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品 margins, collateral 保证金 bonus share 红股 dividend 红利/股息 retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户 broker/dealer 券商 insider trading/dealing 内幕交易 prospectus招股说明书 merger and acquisition收购兼并 warrant 认股权证 raised capital/proceeds 筹资 component index 成份指数 turnover rate 换手率 monetary market 货币市场 hedge fund 对冲基金 self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织 issuer 发行人 intermediary 中介机构 secondary listing 第二上市 secondary market 二级市场 controlling shareholder 控股股东 red chips红筹股 junk bond 立即债券 securities loan 融券 financing 融资 汉英口译分类词汇（08）-- A经济金融词汇A
不景气 slump （衰退 recession） 二板市场 the second board market 中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering) 市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 内部股（非上市招股） private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk 风险管理 risk management 坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist 第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry) 第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry) 主要经济指标 major economic indicators 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出） 国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出） 人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds 财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive 大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms 年均增长率 average growth rate per annum 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value 实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI) 零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI） 生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力） 片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale 劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy 适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved. 合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector 适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products 国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 私营企业 private businesses 民营企业 privately-run businesses 中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises) 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 operating expenses 再贷款 re-lending; subloan 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 综合指数 composite index 纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩 deflation 中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power. 适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy. 经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes. 一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected. 立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints 放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s) 深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform 配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of 提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns 讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect 加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position (tight position) 朝阳产业 sunrise industry 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy 实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy 向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment. 再注资 recapitalization 放松银根 to ease monetary policy 信息经济 IT economy 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 信息时代 information age 全球化 globalization （全球性globality） 信誉风险 reputational risk 风险评级 risk rating 汉英口译分类词汇（07）-- BWTO术语英文解释
General
GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements. GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT. GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods. Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style). MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection. TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade Policy Review Mechanism.
transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable. Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994. Tariffs binding, bound — see “tariff binding” electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks. free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle. Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes. ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000. ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage. nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates. schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates. tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties. tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate. tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on “sensitive” products, amidst generally low tariff levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as “tariff peaks”. tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (percentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government. WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures. Non-tariff measures
anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country. circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties. countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country. dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost. NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc. price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty. PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc. QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country. safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994. subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic. An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports. A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports. tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs. trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls. Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period. carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year. carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota. circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product. CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC. integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January 1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.
ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing. MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions. swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product. TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments. transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry. Agriculture/SPS Agenda 2000 — EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members. Includes reform of the CAP (see below). border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry. BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease”. box — Category of domestic support. — Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits. — Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting. — Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments. Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay. CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world. Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety. distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market. deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less. EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets. food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs. internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade; direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production. International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health. multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g. environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc. See non-trade concerns. non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality. The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples. Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation. peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT. Expires at the end of 2003. reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms. Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process. SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption. variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion. Intellectual property
Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works. CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity. compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent (i.e. a patented product or a product made by a patented process) — without the permission of the patent owner. Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled. See also government use. counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods. exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.) Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product. See also parallel imports. geographical indications — Place names (or words associated with a place) used to identify products (for example, “Champagne”, “Tequila” or “Roquefort”) which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing. intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works (protected by copyright), inventions (protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise (protected by trademarks) and other elements of industrial property. IPRs — Intellectual property rights. Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration. Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods. mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals. Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed. (An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting “exclusive marketing rights” for the products whose patent applications have been filed.) parallel imports — When a product made legally (i.e. not pirated) abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder (e.g. the trademark or patent owner). Some countries allow this, others do not. Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e. patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc. piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights (such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc) for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials. Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms. TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits. WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization. Investment
export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported. FDI — Foreign direct investment. local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product. product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region. trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports. TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures. Dispute settlement
Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports. automaticity — The “automatic” chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures. DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes. DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO obligations.
panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions. Services
accounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country. commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country. GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services. general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement. Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on. modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply; mode 2: consumption abroad; mode 3: foreign commercial presence; and mode 4: movement of natural persons. multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode. In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping. national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members. natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations. offer — A country’s proposal for further liberalization. protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GATS. The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services. The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons. prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises. schedule — “Schedule of Specific Commitments” — A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment. specific commitments — See “schedule”. Regionalism/trade and development
ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement. Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam. Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries. CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC). EC — European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO). EFTA — European Free Trade Association. free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA). G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement. G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries). G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States. GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO. GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries. HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva. ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries. LDCs — Least-developed countries. MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US. Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States. SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. S&D — “Special and differential treatment” provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements. UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement. UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development. Trade and environment Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro. Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed “exceptions” to the trade rules. Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste. BTA — Border tax adjustment CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA. CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment. EST — Environmentally-sound technology. EST&P — EST and products. ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied. LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly. MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement. Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer. PPM — Process and production method. TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified. 汉英口译分类词汇（07）-- A汉英口译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇
（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy (纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply （服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence (服务贸易)自然人 natural person (服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person (解决争端)被诉方Defendant （解决争端）调查结果Findings (解决争端)上诉Appeal (解决争端)申诉方Complaint (利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment (农产品)国内支持Domestic support （农产品）综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support) （农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures （农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions （农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures (农业)多功能性 Multifunctionality （欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy (争端解决)专家组Panel （知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention 《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention 《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement) 《纺织品与服装协议》ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) 《服务贸易总协定》GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) 《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol 《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG (Special Safeguard) 《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause 《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity) 《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement) WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs) 北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) 出口补贴Export subsidy 出口实绩Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger 当地含量Local content 电子商务 Electronic Commerce 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) 东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area 动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard ) 反补贴税Countervailing duty 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知Counter-notification 非配额产品 quota-free products 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 规避Circumvention 国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau) 国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization) 国际贸易中心ITC (International Trade Center) 国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization) 国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization) 国际清算 international settlement 国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics 国民待遇National treatment 国内补贴Domestic subsidy 国内生产Domestic production 海关估价Customs valuation 海关完税价值Customs value 横向兼并 horizontal merger 环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology) 灰色区域措施Grey area measures 货币留成制度Currency retention scheme 货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods) 基础税率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda 交叉报复Cross retaliation 进口差价税Import variable duties 进口附加税Import surcharge 进口环节税 import linkage tax 进口渗透Import penetration 进口替代Import substitution 进口许可Import licensing 进口押金Import deposits 经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 垃圾融资 junk financing 联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) 联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program) 联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States) 联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 粮食安全Food security 慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development 贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment 模式Modalities 南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) 南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation) 欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 配额调整条款modulation of quota clause 瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配额 global quota 上诉机构Appeal body 申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 生产补贴Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 实质损害Material injury 食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization) 世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) 市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 市场准入Market access 通知义务Notification obligation 同类产品Like product 乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消费膨胀 inflated consumption 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 新议题New issues 许可费 License fee 有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements 约束水平Bound level 争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body 政府采购 Government procurement 知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights) 直接支付Direct payment 诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement 专门的营销机构Market boards 转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) 祖父条款 grandfather clause 最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries) 最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment 最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment) 汉英口译分类词汇（06）汉英口译分类词汇（06）--机关机构词汇
部属机构属译名（以化学工业为例）
化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry 办公厅 General Office 计划司 Planning Department 外事司 Foreign Affairs Department 人事司 Personnel Department 化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department 化工司 Chemical Department 橡胶司 Rubber Department 炼化司 Department of Refining and Chemicals 矿山司 Chemical Mines Bureau 化工规划院 Chemical Planning Institute 设备总公司 Equipment General Corporation 基建局 Capital Construction Department 教育司 Education Department 化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department 供销局 Department of Supply and Sales 市属机械译名（以北京市为例）
北京市人大常委会 Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC 中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC 北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People's Government 高级人民法院 High People's Court 人民检察院 People's Procuratorate 外事办公室 Foreign Affairs Office 侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 财贸办公室 Office of Finance and Trade 文教办公室 Office of Culture and Education 计划委员会 Planning Committee 经济委员会 Economic Committee 城乡建设委员会 Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科学技术委员会 Committee of Science and Technology 城市规划委员会 Committee of Municipal Design 对外经贸委员会 Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries 市政管理委员会 Municipal Administration Committee 民族委员会 Nationalities Committee 体育委员会 Physical Culture and Sports Committee 计划生育委员会 Family Planning Committee 人事局 Personnel Bureau 科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel 老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 统计局 Statistical Bureau 物价局 Bureau of Commodity Price 工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品检验局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 审计局 Auditing Bureau 财政局 Finance Bureau 税务局 Tax Bureau 劳动局 Labor Bureau 档案局 Archives Bureau 物资管理局 Bureau of Materials 标准计量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement 公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities 广播电视局 Bureau of Radio and Television 教育委员会 Education Committee 文化局 Bureau of Culture 文物事业管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics 卫生局 Health Bureau 乡镇企业管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地质矿产局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 农业局 Agricultural Bureau 林业局 Forestry Bureau 水产局 Bureau of Aquatic Products 气象局 Meteorological Bureau 水资源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources 园林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods 环境保护局 Bureau for Environmental Protection 环境卫生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health 商业委员会 Commerce Committee 粮食局 Food Bureau 房地产管理局 Real Estate Bureau 城市规划管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design 机械设备成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局 Public Security Bureau 安全局 Security Bureau 司法局 Justice Bureau 民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs 劳改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 铁路局 Railways Bureau 邮政局 Post Bureau 电信局 Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海关 Beijing Customs 外交人员服务局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials 首都钢铁公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕山石化总公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企业
半导体器械厂 Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant 包装材料厂 Packaging Materials Plant 保温瓶厂 Thermos Flask Factory 炼钢厂 Steel Works 被单厂 Bed sheet Factory 变压器厂 Transformer factory 玻璃制品厂 Glassware Factory 茶厂 Tea Processing Factory 柴油机厂 Diesel Engine Plant 车辆制造厂 Railway Car Plant 船舶修造厂 Ship Repair Yard 灯具厂 Lighting Equipment Factory 低压开关厂 Low-Voltage Switch Factory 汽车制造厂 Automobile Works 发电厂 Power Plant 电动工具厂 Electric Tool Works 电机厂 Electrical Machinery Plant 电讯器材厂 Telecommunication Apparatus Factory 电子管厂 Electronic Tube Factory 电子设备厂 Electronic Equipment Factory 铸造厂 Foundry Works 纺织机械厂 Textile Machinery Plant 服装厂 Garment Factory 皮革制品厂 Leather Goods Factory 罐头食品厂 Canned Food Plant 光学仪器厂 Optical Instrument Factory 广播器材厂 Broadcasting Equipment Factory 锅炉厂 Boiler Factory 化肥厂 Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化工厂 Chemical Works 化学纤维厂 Chemical Fiber Plant 化妆品厂 Cosmetics Plant 机床厂 Machine Tools Plant 机械修理厂 Machine Repair Plant 建筑机械厂 Construction Machinery Plant 金属工艺制品厂 Metal Handicraft Plant 晶体管厂 Transistor Factory 绝缘材料厂 Insulating Materials Plant 民族乐器厂 Folk Music Instrument Factory 炼油厂 Oil Refinery 粮油加工厂 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛纺织厂 Woolen Mill 木材厂 Timber Mill 家具厂 Furniture Factory 农药厂 Insecticide Factory 啤酒厂 Beer Brewery 汽车修配厂 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant 人造纤维厂 Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加工厂 Milk Processing Plant 石油化工机械厂 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant 水泥厂 Cement Plant 塑料厂 Plastics Plant 搪瓷厂 Enamel Plant 陶瓷厂 Pottery and porcelain Factory 通用机械厂 General Machinery Plant 玩具厂 Toy Factory 无线电器材厂 Radio Appliances Factory 五金厂 Hardware Factory 橡胶厂 Rubber Plant 制药厂 Pharmaceutical Factory 羊毛衫厂 Woolen Sweater Mill 针织厂 Knitwear Mill 冶炼厂 Metallurgical Plant 医疗器械厂 Medical Apparatus Factory 仪表厂 Instrument and Meters Factory 饮料厂 Soft Drinks Plant 印染厂 Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆厂 Paint Factory 有机化工厂 Organic Chemical Plant 造纸机械厂 Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船厂 Shipbuilding Plant 自行车厂 Bicycle Plant 公司、企业集团
家用电器有限公司 Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. 技贸公司 Technology and Trade Co., Ltd. 钢铁公司 Iron and Steel Company 保安服务公司 Security Service Company 针织有限公司 Knitting Company Ltd. 实业集团公司 Industrial Group Corporation 国际租赁公司 International Leasing Company 电子技术开发公司 Electronic Technology Development Co. 毛纺织有限公司 Woolen Textile Co., Ltd. 系统工程有限公司 System Engineering Corporation 计算机集团公司 Computer Group Co. 时装有限公司 Fashion Company Ltd. 广告公司 Advertising Company 科学技术开发公司 Science and Technical Development Company 水产品有限公司 Aquatic Product Company Ltd. 旅游公司 Travel Corporation 服装公司 Garment Company Ltd. 国际广告展览有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd. 电冰箱厂有限公司 Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd. 电风扇工业公司 Electric Fan Industry Company 电话技术开发服务公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co. 电力机械制造公司 Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company 电信发展公司 Telecommunications Development Co. 电子器材公司 Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation 建筑工程 Construction Project Consulting 咨询公司 Corporation 科学仪器 Scientific Instrument Import and 进出口公司 Export Co. 仪器设备公司 Instrument and Equipment Company 汽车企业集团 Automobile Enterprise Group 技术开发咨询公司 Technical Development and Consultancy Co. 对外服务公司 Foreign Service Company 对外经济发展公司 Foreign Economic Development Company 纺织企业集团 Textile Enterprise Group 对外贸易公司 Foreign Trade Company 贸易有限公司 Trading Company Ltd. 国际投资有限公司 International Investment Company 塑料制品有限公司 Plastic Products Co., Ltd. 工艺美术品公司 Arts and Crafts Corporation 国际经济技术合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 国际经济开发公司 International Economic Development Corporation 国际科技咨询公司 International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 国际贸易展览公司 International Trade Exhibition Company 国际商业服务公司 International Commercial Service Company 国际信息处理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd. 国际经济合作公司 International Economic Cooperation Corporation 国际工程集团 International Engineering Group Corporation 制衣实业公司 Garments Industrial Company 化工工程咨询公司 Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation 计算机技术 Computer Technology Service 服务公司 Corporation 工程承包有限公司 Project Contracting Co., Ltd. 建筑设计合资公司 Building Design Joint Venture Corporation 交通进出口 Communications Import & Export 服务公司 Service Company 饭店集团服务公司 Hotel Group, Ltd. 饮料有限公司 Beverage Company Limited 建筑工程公司 Construction Engineering Co. 陶瓷企业集团 Porcelain Industry Complex 饲料技术开发集团 Feed Technological Development Group 能源开发公司 Energy Development Corporation 民办交通信息中心 Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 国货有限公司 China Products Company Ltd. 气象服务公司 Meteorological Service Company 农资公司 Agricultural Materials Company 化纤工业集团公司 Chemical Fiber Industry Group 房产投资有限公司 Realty & Investment Company 房地产开发公司 Real Estate Development Company 国际集装箱有限公司 International Container Co., Ltd. 证券公司 Securities Company 塑料皮革工业公司 Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 讨债公司 Debt Collecting Company 新型建筑材料供应公司 New Building Materials Supply Company 金融、保险机构
中国人民银行 People's Bank of China 中国人民建设银行 People's Construction Bank of China 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 中国银行 Bank of China 交通银行 Bank of Communications 中国投资银行 China Investment Bank 中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China 厦门国际银行 Xiamen International Bank 广东发展银行 Guangdong Development Bank 浦东发展银行 Pudong Development Bank 中国国际信托投资公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation 中国人民保险公司 People's Insurance Company of China 平安保险公司 Ping An Insurance Company 中国人寿保险公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd. 商店
书店 books store 粮店 grain store 食品点 food store 煤店 coal store 食品杂货（副食品）店 grocery 酱园 sauce and pickles shop 肉店 meat (butcher's) shop 酒店 wine shop 水产店 aquatic products shop 家禽店 fowl shop 豆腐店 bean curd shop 烤肉店 roast meat shop 卤味店 sauced meat shop 饮食店 food and drink shop 小吃店 eating house (snack bar) 饭店 restaurant 冷饮店 cold drinks shop 蔬菜店水果店 green grocery (green grocer's) 蔬菜店 vegetables shop 鞋帽店 shoes and hats store 百货公司 department store 百货商场 general merchandise market 服装店 clothing store 成衣店 ready-made clothes shop 呢绒绸布店 wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 药店（美：杂货店） drug store (pharmacy) 儿童用品商店 children's goods shop 妇女用品商店 women's goods shop 钟表店 watch and clock ship 文具店 stationer's (stationery shop) 日用杂货店 daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事用具商店 cooking utensils shop 家用器具商店 household utensils shop 五金商店 metal products shop 家具店 furniture shop 眼镜店 eyeglasses store 玻璃礼品店 glass gifts store 爆竹鞭炮店 fireworks shop 电器商店 electrical appliance shop 油漆店 paint shop 化工油漆染料店 chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地产建材商店 native building materials store 照相馆（摄影室） photographic studio (photographer's) 旧货店 second-hand goods store (used goods store) 寄卖商店 commission shop 综合修理店 general repair shop (service) 工艺美术服务社 arts and crafts shop 花店 flower shop 古玩珠宝店 antiques and jewelry shop 香烟店（摊） cigarette shop (stall) 售报亭 newspaper and magazine stand 茶馆 tea house 理发店 barber's shop (hairdresser's) 洗澡堂 bath house 旅店/旅馆 inn/ hotel 邮局 post office 七、中国人民团体People’s Organizations of China
测绘学会 Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 地震学会 Seismological Society 国际金融学会 International Finance Society 国际战略问题学会 Institute for International Strategic Studies 海洋学会 Society of Oceanography 科普学会 Popular Science Society 全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会 National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全国少年儿童工作协调委员会 National Children’s Work Coordination Committee 全国史学会 China Society of History 宋庆龄基金会（上海） Song Ching Ling Foundation (Shanghai) 中国奥林匹克委员会 Chinese Olympic Committee 中国笔会中心 Chinese Pen Center 中国标准化协会 China Association for Standardization 中国残疾人福利基金会 China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped 中国出版协会 Chinese Publishers Association 中国道教协会 Chinese Taoist Association 中国电视艺术家协会 Chinese Television Artists Association 中国电影家协会 China Film Association 中国法律质询中心 Chinese Legal Consultancy Center 中国法律会 China Law Society 中国翻译工作者协会 Translators Association of China 中国佛教协会 Chinese Buddhists Association 中国福利会 China Welfare Institute 中国歌剧研究会 Chinese Opera Research Institute 中国共产主义青年团 Communist Youth League of China 中国国际法学会 Chinese Society of International Law 中国国际交流协会 Association for International Understanding of China 中国红十字会总会 Red Cross Society of China 中国会计学会 China Accounting Society 中国基督教“三自”爱国运动委员会 Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中国基督教协会 China Christian Council 中国计量测试学会 Chinese Society for Measurement 中国金融学会 Chinese Monetary Society 中国考古协会 Archaeological Society of China 中国科学技术史学会 Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中国科学技术协会 China Society and Technology Association 中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会 National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中国联合国协会 United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中国美术家协会 Chinese Artists Association 中国民间文艺家协会 China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中国企业管理协会 China Enterprise Management Association 中国曲艺家协会 Chinese Ballad Singers Association 中国人民保卫儿童基金会 Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children 中国人民对外友好协会 Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries 中国少年儿童基金会 Children’s Foundation of China 中国少年先锋队 China Young Pioneers 中国摄影家协会 Chinese Photographers Society 中国书法家协会 Chinese Calligraphers Association 中国天主教爱国会 Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中国天主教教务委员会 National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church 中国天主教主教团 Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中国文学艺术界联合会 China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国舞蹈家协会 Chinese Dancers Association 中国戏剧家协会 Chinese Dramatists Association 中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association 中国音乐家协会 Chinese Musicians Association 中国杂技艺术家协会 Chinese Acrobats Association 中国政法学会 China Society of Political Science and Law 中国作家协会 Chinese Writers Association 中化全国妇女联合会 All-China Women’s Federation 中华全国工商联合会 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中华全国归国华侨联合会 All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国青年联合会 All-China Youth Federation 中华全国世界语联合会 All-China Esperanto League 中华全国台湾同胞联谊会 All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots 中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation 中华全国新闻工作者协会 All-China Journalists’ Association 中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association 八、国家机关China's State Organs
1. 全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress (NPC) 主席团 Presidium 常务委员会 Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中华人民共和国主席 [President of the People's Republic of China] 3. 中央军事委员会 [Central Military Commission] 4. 最高人民法院 [Supreme People's Court] 5. 最高人民检察院 [Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6. 国务院 [State Council] (1)国务院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology 国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 国家安全部Ministry of State Security 监察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 财政部Ministry of Finance 人事部Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建设部Ministry of Construction 铁道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry 水利部Ministry of Water Resources 农业部Ministry of Agriculture 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 卫生部Ministry of Public Health 国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission 中国人民银行People's Bank of China 国家审计署State Auditing Administration (2)国务院办事机构 Offices under the State Council 国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council 侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs 经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring 国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新闻办公室Information Office 公司部门的英文标识名称
总公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 营业部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力资源部Human Resources Department 总务部 General Affairs Department 财务部 General Accounting Department 销售部 Sales Department 促销部 Sales Promotion Department 国际部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 进口部 Import Department 公共关系 Public Relations Department 广告部 Advertising Department 企划部 Planning Department 产品开发部 Product Development Department 研发部 Research and Development Department (R&D) 秘书室 Secretarial Pool 汉英口译分类词汇（05）-- B环境保护词汇B
垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator
防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization 农药残留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 绿化祖国 turn the country green 全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks） 速生林 fast-growing trees 降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve 野生动植物 wild fauna and flora 保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats 濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife 珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生态系统 natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification 环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment 三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture 美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 环境恶化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture 贫困的恶性循环 vicious cycle of poverty 大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system 空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions 悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles 工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged 烟尘排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide (NO2) 矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾气净化器 exhaust purifier 无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles 电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars 氯氟烃 CFCs 温室效应 greenhouse effect 厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) 噪音 noise （分贝 db; decibel） 化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标） COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD; biological oxygen demand 工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant 红潮 red tide (rapid propagation of sea algae 英语“气象”用语表达法 1、气候种类 山地气候 mountain climate 恒风 constant wind 微风 breeze 冬季季风气候 winter monsoon climate 逆风 headwind 台风 typhoon 季风气候 monsoon climate 高气压 high-pressure 锋面 frontal edge 亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate 气团 air mass 热浪 heat wave 高原气候 plateau climate 闪电 lightning 雾 fog 海滨气候 littoral climate 凉 cool 霜 frost 极地气候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew 热带气候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly 3、风的名称 温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate 间歇雨 intermittent rain 无风 calm 温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 轻风 light breeze 热带季风气候 tropical monsson climate 信风 trade wind 微风 gentle breeze 大陆气候 continental climate 天气预报 weather forecast 和风 moderate breeze 沙漠气候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清风 fresh breeze 沿海气候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 强风 strong breeze 高地气候 highland climate 西北风 northwester 疾风 near gale 海洋气候 marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大风 gale 森林气候 forest climate 狂风 squall 烈风 strong gale 温带气候 temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂风 storm 湿润气候 humid climate 雨点 raindrops 暴风 violent storm 温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate 东北信风 northeast trades 飓风 hurricane 热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate 东南风 southeaster 台风 typhoon 热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate 风级 wind scale 龙卷风 tornado 2、气象用语 虹 rainbow 4、浪的名称 小雨 light rain 阵雨 shower 平静 calm 毛毛雨 drizzle,fine rain 疾风 gusty wind 微波 rippled 反常天气 freakish weather 气旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth wavelets 北风 north wind 气压 barometric pressure 细浪 light seas 冰 ice 阴天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas 冰点 freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas 西南风 southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas 冷峰 cold front 顺风 favorable wind 强浪 high seas 低气压 low-pressure 闷热天气 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas 雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves 东北风 northeaster 雷 thunder 5、自然灾害 东风 east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic earthquake 炎热 scorching heat 暖锋 warm front 海啸 tidal wave 风眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide 零度以下 subzero 汉英口译分类词汇（05）-- A环境保护词汇A
21世纪议程 Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）
世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year) 世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes 环境千年—行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！ 拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命—拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas! 为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth 我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日 World Water Day (22 March) 世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March) 世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June ) 联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED 联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP） 2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS) 改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO) 中国21世纪议程 China’s Agenda 21 中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) 中国环保基本方针 China’s guiding principles for environmental protection 坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle) 促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者负担的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy 强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控双达标政策 policy of “One Order, Two Goals”: “一控”：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.; “双达标”： 1. 到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000. 2. 到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2. Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000. 对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects 提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed 控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification 气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region 国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly in polluted waters) 工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics) 可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物 organic pollutants 氰化物、 砷、汞排放 cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged 铅、镉、六价铬 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill 3月12日 汉英口译分类词汇（04）政治政府词汇
按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的资金用在“刀刃上” use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission 保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs 保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment. 不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges 不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency 不进则退 no progress simply means regression 不良贷款 non- performing loans 不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再经商no longer engage in trade 财政偿还能力our ability to service debt 财政的承受能力financial capacity 财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits. 财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition 产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production 产业升级upgrade industries 长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River 长期国债long-term government bonds 常务委员Standing Committee member 车辆购置税暂行条例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases 成长型企业市场 （指二板市场）growing enterprise market (GEM) 城乡电网改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system 城镇职工医疗保险制度改革medical insurance for urban workers 城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system 出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export 出口配额export quotas 传统产业conventional industries 创新体系an innovation system 垂直管理vertical management 从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems 促进公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth 村村通广播电视工程project “extend radio and TV coverage to every village” 存款准备金reserves against deposit 大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market 大力推进粮食流通体制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system 大面积多光区光纤光谱天文望远镜a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 贷款质量5级分类办法five-category assets classification for bank loans 邓小平理论 Deng Xiaoping Theory 低水平重复建设low-level redundant development 滴灌、喷灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation 抵抗全球经济衰退 to combat the global economic slump 地方性中小金融机构存款保险制度a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions 电视会议televised meeting 调控宏观经济运行regulate operation of the macroeconomy 调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax rebates 调整投资结构和经济结构the restructuring of investment and the economy 堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes 对卷烟全面推行核定计税价格征收消费税办法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation 对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility 对中西部地区适当倾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country 夺取了抗洪抢险的伟大胜利achieve great victory in the fight against floods 发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results 发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment 反对铺张浪费combat extravagance and waste 防范和化解金融风险guard against and defuse financial risks 防范金融风险能力ability to guard against financial risks 防止“重点支出重点浪费” prevent “more waste in more expenditures” 非办不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished 非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises 非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions 费改税改革 tax-for-fees reform 分配货币化distribution of money 分税制度财政体制the revenue-sharing system 风险防范机制a risk prevention mechanism 服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country 复杂多变的国内经济环境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad 改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism 干堤的修复加固任务the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes 干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns 敢抓敢管、不讲情面 have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think 高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher education 高技术产业发展规划 plans for the development of high-tech industries 高技术产业化 apply high technology to production 高技术产业化示范工程 high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻'三个代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents' 高清晰度电视功能样机 functional prototype of high definition TV 个人所得税法 the Law on Personal Income Tax 个体经济、私营经济 self-employed and private businesses 各地区经济发展的客观需要 the needs of the economic development of different regions 各级各类教育 all forms of education at all levels 各种“小金库”屡禁不止 failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly 各种偷税、骗税和逃税行为 all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud 工程监理制 project supervision system 工程质量事故 accidents resulting from poor quality of projects 工业增加值 industrial added value 公开市场操作 open-market operations 共建、调整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 购买力 purchasing power 鼓励兼并 encourage mergers 关心群众疾苦 help alleviate their hardships 规范管理 standardized administration 规范化的财政管理 standardized financial management 规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures 规范税制 standardize the tax system 国际公认 internationally recognized 国际通行的吸引外资方式 internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 国家财政包揽过多 The state finance takes on too much financial burden. 国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission 国家确定的重点领域投资 investment in the key areas designated by the state 国家税源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue 国家重点科研项目 national key scientific research projects 国库券 treasury bonds 国民经济各方面 all sectors of the national economy 国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP) 国内短缺原材料和资源性产品 raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China 国有独资商业银行 wholly state-funded commercial bank 国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises 国有企业重组 regroup SOEs 国有商业银行一级法人管理 management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons 国有资产管理、监督和营运机制 management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 国有资源有偿使用 paid use of state-owned resources 国债资金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds 过剩的生产能力 excessive production capacity 海峡两岸关系 cross-Strait relations 合同管理制 contract management system 黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。 Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China. 宏观调控目标 macro-control targets 宏观经济预期目标 macroeconomic targets 会计法 the Accounting Law 会计信息质量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information 积极的财政政策 a proactive fiscal policy 基本养老保险省级统筹 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基层监督grass-roots supervision 基础设施建设 construction of infrastructural facilities 缉私 suppress smuggling 稽察特派员 special inspectors 及时、足额发放 timely and full funding of pension 急需安排的重点支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects 挤占、挪用财政投资 misappropriation or diversion of financial investment 技术密集型产业 technology-intensive industries 加大处罚力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline 加大宏观调控力度 tighten macro-control 加大转移支付力度 increase transfer payments 加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials 加快经济结构调整 accelerate economic restructuring 加强军队和政权建设 strengthen army building and the organs of political power 加强征管、堵塞漏洞、惩治腐败、清缴欠税”的方针the principle of “tightening collection and management, plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and clearing up overdue taxes” 价格法 the Price Law 价格歧视 price discrimination 坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time. 坚定信心 proceed with confidence 坚决不搞重复建设 prohibit redundant projects 坚决杜绝劣质工程 prohibit inferior projects 艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国 hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift 减轻企业负担 lighten the burden on enterprises 减人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls 减少福利型、供给型、实物型分配reduce distribution in the form of welfare, supply and kind 减员增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency 剪彩仪式ribbon-cutting ceremonies 建立公共财政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance 建设文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families 健全项目法人责任制 the system of holding the legal person responsible for projects 讲排场、摆阔气、比享受 ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking 降低银行存贷款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans, 节能、节水、节地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution 金融体制改革 reform of the financial system 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies 进出口商品结构 pattern of imports and exports 经济不发达地区 economically underdeveloped areas 经济发展后劲 future economic growth 经济房 low-cost housing 经营收费 operating charges 精打细算 meticulous plan all expenditures 精心设计 meticulous design 九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress 九届全国政协常委递补委员 by-elect members to the Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee 就业问题 the problem of employment 具有税收性质的政府性基金或专项性收费 government funds and special charges of a tax nature 绝不能花钱大手大脚 absolutely cannot spend money lavishly 军队、武警部队、政法机关与企业脱钩the army, armed police and procuratorial, judicial and public security organs have severed their ties with enterprises 开拓城乡市场 develop urban and rural markets 开拓农村消费市场 develop consumer markets in rural areas 抗洪救灾 fight floods and provide disaster relief 科技成果转化 the commercialization of research findings 科技发展基金 a science and technology development fund 科教兴国战略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education 科学技术进步 scientific and technological progress 科学论证 scientific verification 科学有效的收入组织机制 a scientific and effective mechanism for collecting revenue 可持续发展战略 the strategy of sustainable development 可支配收入 disposable income 肯定成绩 affirm our achievements 控制在国民经济可以承受的范围之内 keep within the limits of the national economic strength 跨省区分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches 亏损企业 loss-generating enterprises 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand/ increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption 扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 拉动经济增长stimulate economic growth 来之不易hard-won achievements 浪费资源 resource-wasting 劳动力市场 the labor market 劳动者素质的提高 improve the quality of laborers 老工业基地 old industrial bases 离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees 离退休人员养老金 pensions to retired employees 理顺税、费、价三者关系 straighten out the relationships among taxes, charges and prices 厉行节约 practice economy 粮食流通体制改革 reform of the grain distribution system 粮食市场的宏观调控能力 the state’s capacity for macro-control of the grain market 粮食政策性补贴 policy-related grain subsidies 两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks. 林区 forested areas 零基预算制度 a zero-base budgeting system 漏征漏管户 tax dodgers 面对严峻挑战 meet the serious challenge 民族地区 regions inhabited by ethnic groups 名优产品 famous brand high-quality products 牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits 年度国家预算annual State budge 农村电网改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural workers 起草社会治安法drafting a social security law 全国人大常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee 全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会 (简称 全国人大) National People's Congress (NPC) 全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium 全国政协委员 member of the national committee of CPPCC 全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building 全体会议plenary meeting 权贵资本主义'(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalism 人均国内生产总值per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) 弱势群体 disadvantaged groups (对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.) 三个代表 three represents theory (the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.) 三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct) 三峡工程Three-Gorges Project 三峡移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 生计问题 bread-and butter issue 生态建筑 ecological construction 使大多数亏损企业扭亏为盈 bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 试点项目 pilot project 特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits 退耕还林、还草工程Grain for Green Project 网络公司 a web-based economy 西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region 西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 下岗工人基本生活津贴the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 现代远程教育modern distance education 宪法修正案 amendments to the Constitution 乡镇企业 township enterprises 小组讨论 panel discussions/group discussions 新闻发布会 press conference 医保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 医疗改革 health care reform 隐形就业 hidden employment 有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics 与时俱进 advance with the times 再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers 增收节支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 政府工作报告government's work report 政府机构改革Reform of government institutions 制定反贪法规anti-corruption legislation 中共中央委员会CPC Central Committee 中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC) 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 （简称 全国政协） National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会 Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCC 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 重庆（直辖）市 China's Chongqing Municipality 诸国议会同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) 资源丰富的内陆地区（指中国西部）the resource-rich hinterland 综合国力 overall national strength Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation 1、 外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2、 国防部 Ministry of National Defence 3、 国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission 4、 国家经济计划委员会 State Economy and Trade Commission 5、 教育部 Ministry of Education 全国高考 the National College Entrance Examination 6、 科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology 7、 国防科学技术工业委员会 Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence 8、 国家民族事务委员会 State Ethnic Affairs Commission 9、 公安部 Ministry of Public Security 10、国家安全部 Ministry of State Security 11、监察部 Ministry of Supervision 12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs 13、司法部 Ministry of Justice 14、财政部 Ministry of Finance 15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel 16、劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security 17、国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Resources 18、建设部 Ministry of Construction 19、铁道部 Ministry of Railways 20、交通部 Ministry of Communications 21、信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources 23、农业部 Ministry of Agricultry 24、对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 25、文化部 Ministry of Culture 26、卫生部 Ministry of Health 27、国家计划生育委员会 State Family Planning Commission 28、中国人民银行 The People's Bank of China 29、审计署 National Auditing Administration 汉英口译分类词汇（03）改革开放词汇
保险业 The insurance industry 保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款 Non—performing loan 层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 产值 output value 城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 出口信贷 Export credit 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 贷款质量 Loan quality 贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 第一产业 primary industry 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 发电量 electric energy production 发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快 excessive growth 防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions 费改税 Transform administrative fees into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 副业 sideline production 改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。 Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system." 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing 工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓励 give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 国际收支 international balance of payments 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets 过度开垦 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 和平演变 peaceful evolution 宏观控制 exercise macro-control 机电产品 Electromechanical products 积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费 Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 解除劳动关系 Sever labor relations 解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 金融监管责任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 经济安全 Economic security 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure 经营机制 operative mechanism 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 举措 move 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted (excluded) 扩大国内需求 The expansion of domestic demand 拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 粮食仓库 Grain depot 粮食收储企业 Grain Collection and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 粮食销售市场 Grain sales market 劣质工程 Shoddy engineering 林业 forestry 零售 retail 流通制度 circulation system 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业 farming 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全体会议 plenary session 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融资渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品经济 commodity economy 商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit 社会保险机构 Social security institution 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 失业保险金 Unemployment insurance benefits 实际增长率 actual growth rate 实事求是 seek truth from facts 实在的 tangible 使负担 be saddled with 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 输入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外汇收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 畜牧业 animal husbandry 要人们警惕右和"左"的影响，特别是"左"的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence. 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 引进、输入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 营业发达的公司 going concerns 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 有色金属 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 渔业 fishing 增额、增值、增长 increment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 中国要警惕右，但更要防"左"。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left" deviation. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。 to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 主要成分 dominant sector 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 总工资 total wages 汉英口译分类词汇（02）外经贸类词汇
澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis 帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 备件spare parts 部长级会议ministerial meeting 采取积极财政政策 proactive fiscal policy 出口创汇型/外向型产业 export-oriented industry 垂直兼并vertical merger 倒爷profiteer 抵免offset 东盟自由贸易区 AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area 东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations 对外项目承包foreign project contracting 反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against …… 防伪标志anti-fake label 放松银根ease monetary policy 非配额产品quota-free products 非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects 风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment 风险基金venture capital 风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk 岗位培训on-the-job training 港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程项目engineering project 工业增加值industrial added value 公正合理equitable and rational 固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets 广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment 规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale 国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives 国际清算international settlement 国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment 国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment 国家补贴public subsidies 国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state 国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves 合理引导消费guide rational consumption 横向兼并horizontal merger 坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 货币市场money market 机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations 机构重叠organizational overlapping 技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development 季节性调价seasonal price adjustments 既成事实established/accomplished facts 减免债务reduce and cancel debts 建材building materials 进口环节税import linkage tax 经常项目current account 经常性的财政收入regular revenues 竟价投标competitive bidding 就业前培训pre-job training 控股公司holding company 垃圾融资junk financing 劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises 劳务合作labor service cooperation 累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus 利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 流动人口floating population 龙头产品lagship product 乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises 慢性萧条chronic depression 农业技术合作 ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation 盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets 配件accessories 皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company 平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development 瓶颈制约 “bottleneck” restrictions 企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises 企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses 企业所得税corporate income tax 千年问题、千年虫millennium bug 抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities 清理、修订screen and modify 求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground 商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction 申报制度reporting system; income declaration system 实行股份制enforce stockholding system 实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts 市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects of Market Access 适销对路的产品readily marketable products 双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system 水利water conservation 所有制形式forms of ownership 贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure 通货紧缩deflation 通货膨胀inflation 同步增长increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 无纸交易paperless transaction 现代企业制度modern corporate system 消费膨胀inflated consumption 协议投标negotiated bidding 信息化informationize 形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council 亚太计量程序 APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program 亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting 亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亚太经济合作组织 APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太能源研究中心 APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center 亚太商业论坛 ABF：APEC Business Forum 亚太商业网络 APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network 亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation 亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亚太信息基础设施 APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure 亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises 亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank 以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 营业税turnover tax 在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership 债转股debt-to-equity swap 中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan 中介服务组织intermediary service organization 注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into 转化经营机制change the method of operation 资本项目capital account 自1999年1月1日起实行 come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate 自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress shipping service company 船务公司
generic products非商标(非专利)产品 prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策 deficit spending超前消费 run on banks(到银行)挤兑 domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持 special bonds特种债券 economy of abundance 富裕经济 Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白 dual purpose exports军民两用品出口 dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术 NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区 global quota全球配额 grandfather clause祖父条款 Animal-derived food动物源食品 EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化 常见缩略： C&F(cost & freight)成本加运费价 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇 D/P(document against payment)付款交单 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 WT(weight)重量 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)净重 (customs declaration)报关单 EA(each)每个，各 W (with)具有 w/o(without)没有 FAC(facsimile)传真 IMP(import)进口 EXP（export）出口 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度 M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的 M/V（merchant vessel）商船 S.S(steamship)船运 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨 DOC (document)文件、单据 INT（international）国际的 P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表 INV (invoice)发票 PCT (percent)百分比 REF （reference）参考、查价 EMS （express mail special）特快传递 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 RMB（renminbi）人民币 S/M （shipping marks）装船标记 PR或PRC(price) 价格 PUR (purchase)购买、购货 S/C（sales contract）销售确认书 L/C （letter of credit）信用证 B/L （bill of lading）提单 FOB （free on board）离岸价 CIF （cost, insurance & freight）成本、保险加运费价 GMO (genetically modified organism)转基因组织 CAGA (compound annual growth average)年复合增长率 汉英口译分类词汇（01）社会发展词汇
211工程 211 Project
安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小区 a neighborhood for low-income families 保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to employment 补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan. 裁定保险赔偿 adjudication of benefits 城镇居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险 Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas. 城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban areas 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees 创新精神 be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind 促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展 ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭 extended family 大力推行个人助学信贷 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted. 大专文凭 associate degree (conferred to junior college students) 代培 training-on-contract program 代培生 trainee on contract 带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待业人员 job seekers 待遇优厚的工作 a well-paid job 单亲家庭 single parent family 定向培训 training for specific posts 独生子女 the only child 对保障方案进行精算评估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review. 对口扶贫 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions 恶性犯罪 major crimes 反对迷信 be against superstition 福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with 复式住宅 compound apartment 干部年轻化 rejuvenation of cadres 岗位培训 on-job training 高度重视精神文明建设 pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 搞好优生优育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 个人自愿计划 voluntary private plans 工伤保险制度the on-job injury insurance system 工资收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system 关系国计民生的大事 matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood 关心和支持残疾人事业 Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support. 关心老龄人 care for senior citizens. 贵族学校 exclusive school（美）; select school（英） 国企下岗职工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 过紧日子 tighten one’s belt 过温饱生活 live a life at a subsistent level 合理调整就业结构to rationally readjust the employment structure 后勤服务社会化 make logistic services independent in their operation 积极发展民办教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments. 基本养老金basic pensions 计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning 继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争 The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued. 加快住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 加强计划生育工作 further improve family planning 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 家庭美德 family virtues 坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针 adhere to the principle of “doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each” 坚持正确的舆论导向 maintain the correct orientation for public opinion 建立集体合同制度to establish a group contract system 建立市场导向的就业机制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism 建立新型的劳动关系to establish a new type of labor relations 建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 教育程度 educational status; education received 教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 精算界 actuarial profession 精算师 actuaries 扩大就业和再就业to expand employment and reemployment 劳动保障监察制度the labor security supervision system 劳动标准体系labor standard system 劳动争议处理体制the system of handling labor disputes 面临困境 face adverse conditions 努力稳定低生育水平 work to stabilize the low birth rate 培养创新精神和实践能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 破案率 rate of solved criminal cases 强制性普及方案 universally compulsory program 切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担 effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students 确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老龄化 aging of population 人口增长的高峰期 baby boom 人口增长与社会经济发展相协调 try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平 quality of life; the living standards 认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented. 弱势群体disadvantaged groups 扫除青壮年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 伤残保险 disability insurance 社会保障 social security 社会保障“三条保障线”制度 social security system of “three guarantees” 社会福利制度the social welfare system 社会公德 social morality 社会互助制度the social mutual help system 社会治安状况好转 see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动 Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress. 生活待遇 material amenities 生活费收入 income available for cost of living 生活费用 cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost 生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system 失学儿童 dropouts 失业保险 guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 失业保险 unemployment insurance 失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system 失业率 rate of unemployment 实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment 实现基本普及九年义务教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained. 实现小康目标 attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment 实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system 树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建设（思想政治工作） moral education among people 提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准 Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased. 提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’ quality 统筹兼顾城乡就业to make overall plans for urban and rural system 推动就业服务向社区延伸，形成多层次的就业服务网络to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network 推进素质教育 push ahead with education for all-around development 推行职业资格证书制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system 退休基金 pension fund 脱贫 lift off poverty; cast off poverty 完善和落实再就业优惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment 完善失业保险制度to improve the unemployment insurance system 文明城市 model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards 物业管理 estate management, property management 消费价格总水平the general price level 小家庭 nuclear family 小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off 新生儿死亡率 infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate 行行出状元 Every profession produces its own leading authority. 研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 养老保险 retirement insurance 养老保险制度the old-age insurance system 医疗保险 medical insurance 医疗保险制度the medical insurance system 应试教育 examination-oriented education system 优抚安置制度the special care and placement system 优化就业结构to optimize employment structure 有公德心 be civic-minded 舆论导向 direction of public opinion 舆论监督 supervision by public opinion 预期寿命 life expectancy 灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system 在职博士生 on-job doctorate 招生就业指导 enrolment and vocation guidance 争取实现高等教育大众化 work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people 政府主导计划 government-sponsored programs 职业道德 ethics of profession 中华人民共和国劳动法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China 中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student 重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential 抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务 devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population 自然增长率 natural growth rate 自学成才 self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way 最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system |
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